O & I: Foot Muscles Flashcards by Kate Ulrich

What muscles are in the 1st layer of the sole of the foot?

(1) Abductor Hallucis
(2) Flexor Digitorum Brevis
(3) Abductor Digit Minimi

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What muscles are in the 2nd layer of the sole of the foot?

(1) Quadratus Plantae

(2) Lumbricals

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What muscles are in the 3rd layer of the sole of the foot?

(1) Flexor Hallucis Brevis
(2) Adductor Hallucis
(3) Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

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What muscles are in the 4th layer of the sole of the foot?

(1) Plantar Interossei (three muscles)

2) Dorsal interossei (four muscles

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What muscles are on the dorsum of the foot?

(1) Extensor Digitorum Brevis

(2) Extensor Hallucis Brevis

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Origin: Abductor Hallucis

medial tubercle of calcaneus; flexor retinaculum; plantar aponeurosis

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Insertion: Abductor Hallucis

medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

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Innervation: Abductor Hallucis

medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

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Action: Abductor Hallucis

abducts and flexes 1st digit (great toe, hallux)

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Origin: Flexor Digitorum Brevis

medial tubercle of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septa

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Insertion: Flexor Digitorum Brevis

both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits

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Innervation: Flexor Digitorum Brevis

medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

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Action: Flexor Digitorum Brevis

flexes lateral four digits

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Origin: Abductor Digiti Minimi

medial and lateral tubercles of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septa

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Insertion: Abductor Digiti Minimi

lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

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Innervation: Abductor Digiti Minimi

lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

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Action: Abductor Digiti Minimi

abducts and flexes little toe (5th digit)

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Origin: Quadratus Plantae

Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus

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Insertion: Quadratus Plantae

Posteriolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus

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Innervation: Quadratus Plantae

Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

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Action: Quadratus Plantae

assits flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits

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Origin: Lumbricals

tendons of flexor digitorum longus

Insertion: Lumbricals

medial aspect of expansion over lateral four digits

Action: Lumbricals

flex proximal phalanges; extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

Innervation: Lumbricals

Medial one: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3) Lateral three: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Origin: Flexor Hallucis Brevis

plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms

Insertion: Flexor Hallucis Brevis

both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Innervation: Flexor Hallucis Brevis

medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Action: Flexor Hallucis Brevis

flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Origin: Adductor Hallucis

Oblique Head: bases of metatarsals 2-4 Transverse Head: Plantar ligaments of metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints

Insertion: Adductor Hallucis

lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Innervation: Adductor Hallucis

deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Action: Adductor Hallucis

traditionally said to adduct 1st digit; assist in transverse arch of foot by metatarsals medially

Origin: Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Base of 5th metatarsal

Insertion: Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Innervation: Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Action: Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit, thereby assisting with its flexion

Origin: Plantar interossei

plantar aspect of medial sides of shafts of metatarsals 3-5

Insertion: Plantar Interossei

medial sides of bases of phalanges of 3rd- 5th digits

Innervation: Plantar Interossei

lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Action: Plantar Interossei

adduct digits 3-5 and flex metatarsophalangeal joints

Origin: Dorsal Interossei

adjacent sides of shafts of metatarsals 1-5

Insertion: Dorsal Interossei

1st: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit | 2nd - 4th: lateral sides of 2nd - 4th digits

Innervation: Dorsal interossei

lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Action: Dorsal Interossei

abduct digits 2-4 and flex metatarsophalangeal joints

Origin: Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Calcaneus (floor of tarsal sinus); interosseous talocalcaneal ligament; stem of inferior extensor retinaculum

Insertion: Extensor Digitorum Brevis

long extensor tendons of three middle digits (toes 2-4)

Innervation: Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Deep Fibular Nerve (L5 or S1, or both)

Action: Extensor Digitorum Brevis

aids the extensor digitroum longus in extending the four lateral toes at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints

Origin: Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Calcaneus (floor of tarsal sinus); interosseous talocalcaneal ligament; stem of inferior extensor retinaculum

Insertion: Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toe (digit 1)

Innervation: Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Deep Fibular Nerve (L5 or S1, or both)

Action: Extensor Hallucis Brevis

aids the extensor hallucis longus in extending the greate toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint