Nutritional Assessment (A,B,C,D) Flashcards
Define nutritional assessment?
“The interpretation of information obtained from dietary, biochemical, anthropometric and clinical studies to gain
- a better understanding/measurement of the risk of nutritional deficiencies and excesses
- an evaluation of the effects from nutritional intervention
- to determine the health status of an individual or population based on their intake and utilisation of nutrients.
ANTH- Define anthropometry?
Study of human body measurements/physical dimensions and body composition at differing age levels and degrees of nutrition
What is the purpose for which the biochemical nutritional assessment system is used?
- To detect subclinical deficiency
- To confirm a clinical diagnosis
- Objective mean of assessing nutritional status
- Supplements other nutritional assessment methods
What is the purpose for which the clinical nutritional assessment system is used and give examples?
To gain information from an individual about medical history (including nutrition-related illnesses, anaemia, pica, supplementation, medication use, anorexia) and identify related pathology
Examples: medical records (source-orientated SOMR & problem-orientated POMR), physical examination
What is the purpose for which the dietary nutritional assessment system is used?
- Identify individuals/populations at risk of nutritional inadequacy
- Investigate the relationship between diet and disease.
- Monitor outcomes of nutritional intervention
ANTH- What are some limitations of the anthropometry nutritional system?
- cannot detect deficiencies of some micronutrients
- cannot detect very small changes in LBM/FM
What are some limitations of the biochemical nutritional system?
- can fail to reflect overall nutritional status as only measures circulating nutrient (as it is based on a measurement from a sample only, doesn’t take into account any stores).
- laboratory limitations (e.g. sample contamination, method-related limitations, subject to other factors - age, sex, ethnicity etc).
What are some limitations of the clinical nutritional system?
- Non-specificity of physical signs
- Variations in physical patterns/signs
- Signs produced by more than one nutritional issue
What are some limitations of the dietary nutritional system?
- Can be labour intensive for the assessor and individual
- May not reflect usual consumption
- Under-reporting
- Requires continual motivation
- Based on memory (24-hour recall)
Briefly describe a nutritional surveillances purpose? What is the UKs biggest nutritional surveillance/monitoring survey?
- Continually monitors selected population groups
- Identifies causes of both chronic and acute malnutrition
- Can be used to formulate interventions
UK survey - National Food Survey (NFS)
Briefly describe a nutritional screenings purpose?
Idenifying individuals or populations already malnourished or at risk of becoming so
Briefly describe a nutritional interventions purpose? What are the three major interventions?
Targets population sub-groups ‘at risk’ following nutritional surveys or screening.
- Supplementation
- Fortification
- Dietary approaches
What are the 2 prospective dietary assessment methods?
- weighed food records
- estimated food records
What are the 3 retrospective dietary assessment methods?
- 24-hour recall
- FFQ
- Dietary history
What are some of the nutritional screening tools?
WAVE
REAP
MUST
What is the breakdown of the body make-up? (4 things)
- fat
- lean muscle
- bone
- water
What are some of the uses of anthropometry?
- Predict the effects of weight loss or gain on the proportions of body fat and lean tissue
- Investigate fat distribution
- Identify and understand wasting in certain groups (hospital patients, famines)
- To estimate energy requirements
- To further understand the functions of other nutrients
ANTH- What factors affect body composition?
Sex, age, genetics, exercise, diet, illness or health
ANTH- What is the breakdown of the body make-up? (4 things)
- fat
- lean muscle
- bone
- water
ANTH- What is the importance of anthropometry?
- Predict effects of weight change on the proportions of body fat and lean tissue
- Investigate fat distribution
- Understand wasting in certain groups
- To estimate energy requirements (EAR)
- To further understand the functions of other nutrients
ANTH- What does lean body mass (LBM) measure?
The weight of the body excluding the weight of the fat
ANTH- What can lean body mass (LBM) also be called?
Fat-free mass (FFM)
ANTH- What are the components that FFM/LBM consist?
- Water
- Bone Minerals
- Non-Bone Minerals
- Protein
ANTH- Fat mass (FM) consists of what percentage of water and adipose tissue?
Water - 20%
Adipose Tissue - 80%