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GI - Year 2 > Nutrition in Health and Disease > Flashcards

Nutrition in Health and Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of diet?

A

sum total of all foods ingested

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2
Q

What are fixed components of demand?

A 
Basal requirements (membrane function)
Mechanical work (cellular and tissue level)
Substrate turnover
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3
Q

What are the variable components of demand?

A

Cost of processing dietary intake
Cost of physical activity
Cost of maintaining body temperature

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4
Q

What is basal metabolic rate?

A

Minimum to get away with and still being alive
Can be measured by direct colorimetry
Calculated depending on lean body mass + factors for activity and illness

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5
Q

What is nutritional failure?

A

Failure to meet the nutritional requirements of the individual
Development of deficiencies
Weight loss or excess

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6
Q

What is the definition of malnutrition?

A

A state of nutrition in which a deficiency or excess of energy, protein ad other nutrients causes measurable adverse effects on tissue/body form, body function and clinical outcome

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7
Q

How is BMI calculated?

A

Weight (kg)/Height(^2) (m)

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8
Q

What are the metabolic syndromes associated with obesity?

A 
Hypertension
CVD
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Fatty liver
NASH
Cirrhosis
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9
Q

What cancers are most associated with obesity?

A

Breast

Bowel

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10
Q

What is the current UK economic estimate cost of obesity?

A

£5 billion p.a

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11
Q

What BMI range is classed as underweight?

A

<20

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12
Q

What BMI range would suggest physical impairment?

A

<18

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13
Q

What BMI range would suggest increasingly severe consequences?

A

<16

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14
Q

How is undernutrition screened?

A

Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool

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15
Q

What is the malnutrition universal screening tool?

A

Picks up patients at risk of malnutrition
Validated in the community and hospital
Can be carried out by people without special training

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16
Q

What is the BMI for score 0?

A

> 20

17
Q

What is the BMI for score 1?

A

18.5 - 20

18
Q

What is the BMI for score 2?

A

<18.5

19
Q

What is the weight loss score?

A

Unplanned weight loss score in past 3-6 months

20
Q

What is score 0 on weight loss score?

A

<5%

21
Q

What is score 1 on weight loss score?

A

5-10%

22
Q

What is score 2 on weight loss score?

A

> 10%

23
Q

What is the acute disease score?

A

If the patient is acutely ill and there has been or is likely to be no nutritional intake for more than 5 days = automatic score 2

24
Q

What makes up the MUST score?

A

BMI + Weight loss score + Acute disease score

25
Q

What is a MUST score >2?

A

Suggests risk of undernutrition

26
Q

What is a MUST score 1?

A

Supplements and observation required

27
Q

What is a MUST score 0?

A

Monitoring required

28
Q

What does malnutrition associate with?

A

Illness
Social isolation
Age
Socially vulnerable groups

29
Q

What are the clinical consequences of malnutrition?

A 
Impaired immune response
Reduced muscle strength
Impaired wound healing
Impaired psychosocial function
Impaired recovery from illness/surgery
Poorer clinical outcomes
30
Q

What is the estimated cost of undernutrition in the UK?

A

£13 billion p.a

31
Q

What factors are considered when calculating energy requirements?

A 
Age
Weight
Sex
Disease
Activity
32
Q

What are the causes of undernutrition?

A

Appetite failure
Access failure
Intestinal failure

33
Q

What is appetite failure?

A

Eating disorders e.g. anorexia nervosa

Disease related

34
Q

What is access failure?

A

False teeth
Strokes
Cancer of head and neck
Head injury (unconscious)

35
Q

What is intestinal failure?

A

Reduction in the functioning gut mass below the minimal amount necessary for adequate digestion and absorption of nutrients
Consequences of surgery

GI - Year 2 (39 decks)

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