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GI - Year 2 > Grand Tour of Alimentary Canal > Flashcards

Grand Tour of Alimentary Canal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main functions of the digestive system?

A

Digestion
Secretion
Absorption
Motility

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2
Q

What happens in the mouth at the start of the digestion process?

A

Food is broken down by chewing

Saliva is added as a lubricant

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3
Q

What is the oesophagus?

A

Conduit between mouth and stomach

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4
Q

What happens in the stomach?

A

Digestion of proteins
Food –> liquid form
Storage
Sterilisation

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5
Q

What do enzymes from the pancreas digest?

A

Fats
Carbohydrates
Proteins

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6
Q

What are found in the liver for digestion/absorption of fats in the small intestine?

A

Bile salts

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7
Q

What does the gallbladder do?

A

Stores and concentrates bile

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8
Q

What happens in the small intestine?

A

Final stages of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

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9
Q

What happens in the large intestine?

A

Water absorption
Bacterial fermentation
Formation of faeces

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10
Q

What are the 4 distinctive layers of the alimentary canal?

A

Mucosa (epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae)
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa/adventitia

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11
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the mouth, oesophagus and anal canal?

A

Stratified squamous

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12
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the stomach, small/large intestine?

A

Simple columnar

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13
Q

What is the function of epithelium in the mucosa?

A

Synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes, hormones, mucus
Absorbs products of digestion
Barrier separating lumen of alimentary canal from body

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14
Q

What is the lamina propria?

A

Loose connective tissue (glands, blood/lymph vessels)

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15
Q

What is the muscularis mucosae?

A

Thin smooth muscle layer

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16
Q

What is the submucosa?

A

Thick, irregular connectie tissue that supports the mucosa

17
Q

What does the submucosa contain?

A

Neurones, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels

18
Q

What do neurones form in the submucosa?

A

Submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus (parasympathetic)

19
Q

Where are the submucosal glands?

A

Oesophagus and duodenum

20
Q

What is the serosa/adventitia?

A

Connective tissue outer layer of alimentary canal

21
Q

What is the difference between serosa and adventitia layer?

A 
Adventitia = outside peritoneal cavity, attaches oesophagus and rectum to surrounding structures
Serosa = inside peritoneal cavity, surrounds stomach, small intestine and large intestine
22
Q

What is the function of the inner layer of muscularis externa?

A

Circular muscle that constricts lumen

23
Q

What is the function of the outer layer of muscularis externa?

A

Longitudinal muscle that shortens tube

24
Q

What is the purpose of the 2 concentric layers of smooth muscle of the muscularis externa?

A

To produce motility for peristalsis and segmentation

25
Q

What is the name of the plexus between the circular and longitudinal muscle of the muscularis externa?

A

Myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus

26
Q

What does the combination of submucosal and myenteric plexuses form? + purpose

A

Enteric nervous system (ENS) which has independent control of gut function

27
Q

What supplies autonomic control on the alimentary system?

A

Long (parasympathetic) and short (ENS) reflexes

28
Q

What supplies parasympathetic control on the alimentary system? + effect

A

Vagus nerve
Except salivation which is controlled by facial (VII) and glossopharyngeal nerves (IX)
Stimulatory (increase in secretion and motility)

29
Q

What supplies sympathetic control on the alimentary system? + effect

A

Splanchnic nerve

Inhibitory (except salivation) = causes decrease in secretion and motility

30
Q

What organs does the celiac trunk supply?

A

Stomach
Small intestine
Pancreas
Liver

31
Q

What organs does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

A

Small intestine
Caecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon

32
Q

What organs does the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

33
Q

Where does venous drainage from the stomach go to?

A

Gastric veins

34
Q

Where does venous drainage from the pancreas go to?

A

Splenic vein

35
Q

What structures drain into the superior mesenteric vein?

A

Small intestine
Caecum
Ascending colon
Descending colon

36
Q

What structures drain into the inferior mesenteric vein?

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

37
Q

What veins drain into the hepatic portal vein?

A

Gastric veins
Splenic vein
Superior mesenteric vein
Inferior mesenteric vein

38
Q

Where does the hepatic portal vein drain into?

A

Hepatic vein

39
Q

Where does the hepatic vein drain into?

A

Inferior vena cava

GI - Year 2 (39 decks)

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