Anorectal Disorders Flashcards
What are the common presentations of anorectal disorders?
Pain
Haemorrhage
Dysfunction
What are the classifications of anorectal disorders?
Inflammation
Infection
Malignancy
Trauma
What are 3 congenital anorectal abnormalities?
Imperforated anus
Urogenital fistulae
Hirschprung’s myenteric plexus deficiency
What are some acquired anorectal abnormalities?
Haemorrhoids Fissure Abscess Fistula-in-ano Ulceration Cancer Control of continence
What is a stapled anopexy?
Procedure used for prolapse and haemorrhoids
How is relaxation of the internal anal sphincter done?
Medical: - topical nitric oxide - 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate paste - 2% diltiazem calcium blocker Surgical - internal lateral sphincterotomy
How is a perianal abscess dealt with?
Incision and drainage
How does an MRI guided colonoscopy work?
EM transmission coils every 10cm in the colonoscope which generate pulsed low voltage magnetic fields
External receiver coils locate and orientate transmission coils on 3D screen
What is the treatment for anal squamous cancer?
Radiotherapy
What is the treatment for rectal adenocarcinoma?
Neo-adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy
Laparoscopic resection
What are the duke stages?
A - in submucosa B1 - into muscle B2 - into wall C1 - nodes not apical C2 - nodes apical D - distant metastasis
What causes anal ulceration?
Crohns disease
Malignancy
Syphilis ‘chancre’
Nicorandil
