Anatomy Pre-Practical 1 Flashcards
What are the 9 layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall from superficial to deep?
Skin Superficial fascia 2 layers Deep fascia Muscles Transversalis fascia Extraperitoneal fatty layer Parietal peritoneum Visceral peritoneum Organs
What are the 2 layers of superficial fascia?
Camper (fatty)
Scarpa (membranous)
What are the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?
External + internal obliques
Transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis
What is the rectus sheath?
Aponeurosis infront and behind the rectus abdominis
What is the arcuate line?
A horizontal line that demarcates the lower limit of the posterior layer of the rectus sheath
Where transversus abdominis muscle ends inferiorly
What is the inferior epigastric artery?
Artery from the external iliac artery that goes behind rectus abdominis running upwards
What is the superior epigastric artery?
Artery from the internal thoracic artery running downwards
What is the inguinal canal?
External oblique evagination into scrotum/uterus of aponeurosis
Musculo-fascial slit
~4cm long
Where is the inguinal canal?
Lies parallel and superior to the medial half of the inguinal ligament
What are the contents of the inguinal canal?
Male: spermatic cord
Female: round ligament of uterus
Both: blood, lymphatic vessels and iliolingual nerve
What is the deep inguinal ring?
Opening to the inguinal canal
What is the superficial inguinal ring?
Exit from the inguinal canal
How is the roof of the inguinal canal formed?
By the conjoint tendon and the meeting of the anterior and posterior walls of the canal
How is the anterior wall of the inguinal canal formed?
By external oblique muscle throughout and by internal oblique muscles laterally
Weak medially because of ‘hole’ in the external oblique
How is the posterior wall of the inguinal canal formed?
By transversalis fascia throughot and the conjoint tendon medially
Weak over deep inguinal ring
How is the floor of the inguinal canal formed?
By an incurving of the inguinal ligament, which is part of the external oblique muscle, forming a gutter
Medially forms the lacunar ligament
What is an indirect inguinal hernia?
Abdominal contents protrude through the deep inguinal ring (same course as the spermatic cord)
Can pass into the scrotum or labia majora
What is a direct inguinal hernia?
Abdominal contents buldge through weakend fascia of the abdominal wall directly behind the superficial inguinal ring
Rarely enter scrotum
Common in elderly
Why is the inguinal triangle a common location for direct hernias to occur?
Can be caused by a deficiency in number of transversus abdominis aponeurotic fibres
Where can you find stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium? + function
Oesophagus, anal canal
Function = protective
Where can you find simple columnar epithelium (gastric pits and glands)? + function
Stomach
Function = secretory
Where can you find simple columnar epithelium (enterocytes) with goblet cells (villi)? + function
Small intestine
Function = secretory and absorptive
Where can you find simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells (no villi)? + function
Large intestine
Function = absorptive and protective
Where is the visceral peritoneum?
Peritoneum that runs alongside the organs (inner layer)
Where is the parietal peritoneum?
Outer layer of peritoneum
What is found between the parietal and visceral peritoneum? + contents
Peritoneal cavity
Contains peritoneal fluid
