Nutrition In Animals

Question 1

What are carbohydrates function?

Answer 1

Fuel for respiration

Question 2

What foods can be a source of carbohydrates?

Answer 2

Bread, rice, and potatoes

Question 3

What are the functions of proteins?

Answer 3

Growth and repair of cell tissues

Question 4

What foods can you obtain proteins from?

Answer 4

Meat, eggs and fish

Question 5

What are the functions of lipids ?

Answer 5

Store energy, insulation, hormones

Question 6

What foods can you obtain lipids from ?

Answer 6

Butter, cooking oil and avocados

Question 7

How do carbohydrates act as a fuel for respiration ?

Answer 7

They are broken down into glucose

Question 8

What is energy measures in ?

Answer 8

KJ

Question 9

What is iron needed for ?

Answer 9

It forms the part of the haemoglobin that binds to the oxygen

Question 10

What food can you obtain on from?

Answer 10

Red meat, liver and spinach

Question 11

What is the disease for iron deficiency ?

Answer 11

Anaemia

Question 12

What does anaemia cause?

Answer 12

The inside of your eyelids to turn pale pink, and chronic fatigue

Question 13

What is calcium needed for ?

Answer 13

To form bones and teeth

Question 14

What foods can you obtain calcium from?

Answer 14

Milk, fish and dairy products

Question 15

What is the disease caused by a deficiency of calcium?

Answer 15

Rickets

Question 16

What does Rickets cause?

Answer 16

Malformed legs

Question 17

What are iron and calcium?

Answer 17

Minerals

Question 18

What is the function of vitamin a?

Answer 18

Creates a chemical in the retina and also protects the surface of the eye

Question 19

What foods can you obtain vitamin A from ?

Answer 19

Liver, butter and carrots

Question 20

What occurs when you have a deficiency in vitamin a?

Answer 20

Night blindness and damaged cornea

Question 21

What is the function of vitamin c ?

Answer 21

It is needed for cell and tissues to stick together

Question 22

What food can you obtain vitamin c from ?

Answer 22

Fresh fruit , and vegetables

Question 23

What is the name of the vitamins C deficiency ?

Answer 23

Scurvy

Question 24

What is the function of vitamin d ?

Answer 24

It is needed to absorb calcium and phosphate ions from food

Question 25

What foods can you obtain vitamin d from ?

Answer 25

Dairy products and oily fish

Question 26

What happens when you have a vitamin D deficiency ?

Answer 26

If you like vitamin di your body cannot absorb calcium so if you don't have calcium you can get Rickets

Question 27

What is the function of water?

Answer 27

To transport the components of blood and for temperature regulation

Question 28

What is the function of fibre ?

Answer 28

Helps the movement of food through the intestine

Question 29

What food can you obtain fibre from ?

Answer 29

Fruit and vegetables as they contain cellulose

Question 30

What is the alimentary canal ?

Answer 30

It is the pathway which food travels down

Question 31

Ingestion

Answer 31

Taking food in through the mouth and swallowing

Question 32

Digestion

Answer 32

Breaking down food into smaller pieces (Physical digestion) and small molecules (chemical digestions)

Question 33

Absorption

Answer 33

Taking small food molecules out of the gut and into the blood

Question 34

Assimilation

Answer 34

Using molecules gained from food to build new molecules, cells and tissues from the body

Question 35

Egestion

Answer 35

Passing out undigested food through the anus

Question 36

What two types of digestion occur at the mouth?

Answer 36

Mechanical, and chemical

Question 37

Mechanical digestion in the mouth

Answer 37

This is breaking up food into smaller pieces by mastication (chewing) chewing increases the surface area for enzymes

Question 38

Chemical digestion in the mouth

Answer 38

Saliva is released in the mouth by the salivary gland. This lubricates the food but also contains the enzyme amylase. Amylase breaks down carbohydrates

Question 39

Equation of starch to maltose

Answer 39

Starch ----amaylse---> maltose

Question 40

What PhD does amylase work best at ?

Answer 40

Neutral

Question 41

What happens when amylase reaches the stomach ?

Answer 41

It is denatured and stops working

Question 42

The mouth shapes the food into a ball, called what ?

Answer 42

Bolus

Question 43

What is the flap in the back of the mouth which blocks the food from entering the trachea called ?

Answer 43

Epiglottus

Question 44

What is the oesophagus ?

Answer 44

Is a long pipe that connects the mouth to the stomach

Question 45

How is the food push down in the oesophagus and intestines?

Answer 45

Peristalsis

Question 46

What are the two sets of muscles at the oesophagus ?

Answer 46

Longitudinal and circular muscles

Question 47

What two types of digestion occur at the stomach ?

Answer 47

Mechanical and chemical

Question 48

Why do the muscles in the stomach constantly churn the contents of the stomach ?

Answer 48

Ensuring that all the contents is covered in enzymes

Question 49

How does chemical digestions happen in th stomach ?

Answer 49

It happens due to the release of pepsin from gastric glands present in the stomach wall

Question 50

What does pepsin breakdown ?

Answer 50

Protein --pepsin-->polypeptide

Question 51

What is pepsins optimum pH

Answer 51

Acidic pH

Question 52

What does the mucus lining in the stomach stop ?

Answer 52

The stomach being burnt through due to hydrochloric acid

Question 53

What occurs at the small intestine ?

Answer 53

Digestion and absorption

Question 54

What occurs at the duodenum ?

Answer 54

Digestion

Question 55

What enzymes are released in the duodenum ?

Answer 55

Amalyse, lipase, trypsin and Maltase

Question 56

Where are the enzymes that are released in the duodenum produced ?

Answer 56

Pancreas

Question 57

Equation for the maltase enzyme

Answer 57

Maltose ---maltase--> glucose

Question 58

Equation for lipase enzyme

Answer 58

Lipids ---lipase---> 3 fatty acids | + glycerol

Question 59

Equation for trypsin enzyme

Answer 59

Polypeptides ----trypsin--> amino | Acids

Question 60

What is the optimum pH levels of the small intestine enzymes ?

Answer 60

Neutral pH

Question 61

How does the small intestine neutralise the stomach acid ?

Answer 61

Release bile

Question 62

Where is bile produced ? And where is it stored ?

Answer 62

Liver and stores in the gall bladder

Question 63

Where is bile released ?

Answer 63

Bile duct

Question 64

What is emulsification ?

Answer 64

Bile salts present in the bile break up the fat droplets into tiny droplets. Increasing the surface area. This increases the rate at which lipase can act

Question 65

What occurs at the Ileum ?

Answer 65

Absorption

Question 66

What is the ileum covered in?

Answer 66

Lots of folds and villi

Question 67

What increases the rate of diffusion at the ileum ?

Answer 67

* large surface area * thin walls * high density of capillaries * large blood flow

Question 68

What are the small projections on the cells lining the villi called ?

Answer 68

Microvilli, these increase surface area

Question 69

How is most of the food molecules absorbed in the ileum ?

Answer 69

Diffusion

Question 70

How is glucose absorbed in the ileum ?

Answer 70

Active transport

Question 71

What two sections are large intestine broken down into?

Answer 71

Colon and rectum

Question 72

What happens at the colon ?

Answer 72

It is the site for all reabsorption of water

Question 73

What occurs at the rectum ?

Answer 73

The faeces are stored and egested from the anus

Question 74

Excretion

Answer 74

The removal of waste substances produced by the body