Hormones And Homeostasis Flashcards
What are hormones ?
Secretion that moves in the bloodstream with an affect on a target organ
What is homeostasis ?
Is the maintenance of a constant internal environment
Where is insulin secreted from and what is its function ?
Pancreas, causes liver and muscles to take up the glucose and convert it into glycogen
Where is ADH secreted from and what is its function ?
Pituritary gland, Controls amount of water lost in the urine
Where is oestrogen secreted from and what is its function ?
Ovaries, stimulates uterus lining to develop and the growth of secondary female characteristics
Where is progesterone secreted from and what is its function ?
Ovaries, to maintain uterus lining
Where is testosterone secreted from and what is its function ?
Testes, and it stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics
Where is adrenaline secreted from and what is its function ?
Adrenal gland, increases heart and breathing rate for fight or flight
What is insulin?
The hormone that allows your body to use sugar from carbohydrates or store glucose for future uses
What does insulin help do ?
Stop your blood sugar levels from getting too high or too low
What is insulins target organ?
The liver
When insulin reaches the liver what does it cause the liver to do ?
Absorb glucose and convert it into packages of glycogen. This glycogen fills up the liver
What is released from the pancreas if the blood sugar levels are too low?
Glucagon
What does glucagon do ?
Breaks down glycogen into glucose in the liver, so then the glucose can diffuse into the blood raising the blood levels again
What is the hormone and homeostasis system called ?
Endocrine
Comparison of endocrine and nervous system
Endocrine is
- slow
- chemical
- via the blood
- controls long term processes such as growth and reproduction
Nervous is
- fast
- electrical impulse
- along neurones
- used for fast response
What region of the brain monitors the temperature of the blood?
Hypothalamus
What are the three main ways of maintaining correct body temperature ?
- sweating : as water evaporates it removes heat energy
- shivering : more heat released due to increased respiration by muscles
- vasodilation and vasoconstriction : controlling heat loss by controlling the amount of blood which flows near the surface of the skin
What happens if the body is too cold?
Not enough enzyme collision
What happens if the body is too hot?
Enzymes become denatured
What is negative feedback ?
The feedback about something that isn’t good and needs to be changed e.g. temperature
What does the body use to keep a constant environment ?
Negative feedback
Processes that occur to cool down the body
- the sweat gland releases sweat onto the skin surface, when the sweat evaporates it takes with it heat energy
- The arteries near your skin vasodilate as the sphinka muscle relaxes , so that more blood can be near the surface of the skin, therefore the surroundings can cool the blood
- the animal finds somewhere cool
- the animal takes off clothes
Processes that occur to warm up the body ?
- your arrector pilli muscle contracts lifting the hair up which traps air for insulation
- The body shivers so that respiration happens more, increasing the heat energy produced
- The sphinka muscle contracts (vasoconstriction) meaning he cannoyt be lost through the blood near the skin, so this decreases blood supply.
- the animal finds somewhere warm
- the animal puts on clothes and drink warm beverages
What is diabetes?
A person with high blood glucose levels
Symptoms of diabetes
- loosing weight
- drinking a lot of water
- bad attitude
- going to the toilet a lot
Methods of control of diabetes
- insulin pump
* insulin injection
Long-term affects of diabetes if not monitored
- blindness
- heart problems
- dying early
