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GCSE Biology*** > Human Reproduction > Flashcards

Human Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

How are gametes produced ?

A

When cells divide by meiosis

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2
Q

Where is sperm produced ?

A

Testes

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3
Q

Where are eggs produced ?

A

Ovaries

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4
Q

What produces cells that are NOT genetically identical?

A

Meiosis

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5
Q

What is the tail on a sperm cell called ?

A

Flagellum

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6
Q

What is external fertilisation?

A

Fertilisation that occurs outside the body

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7
Q

What is internal fertilisation?

A

Fertilisation that occurs inside the body

• this fertilisation is more likely

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8
Q

What happens when the sperm reaches the ovum ?

A

Its nucleus must enter the ovum and fuse with the ovums nucleus

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9
Q

How many chromosomes does each human gamete have ?

A

Half the normal number

• 23

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10
Q

What is fertilisation ?

A

Fertilisation is the fusion of haploid male and female gametes, restoring diploid number of chromosomes in the zygote

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11
Q

How many chromosome does the zygote (adult cell) have ?

A

46

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12
Q

Describe human fertilisation

A
  • during sexual intercourse, sperm passes along the sperm duct and is mixed with a fluid. This mixture is called semen
  • it is ejaculated into the vagina of the female out of the urethra m. The sperm then begins to swim towards the oviducts
  • fertilisation occurs between the ovum and the sperm as there nucleus fuse
  • the zygote travels down the oviduct. During this time the zygotes forms into an embryo
  • it implants into the lining of the uterus wall
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13
Q

What hormone does the placenta secrete and what does it do ?

A

Progesterone which prevents the embryo from aborting

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14
Q

When do we call the embryo a foetus ?

A

When it looks human

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15
Q

What is the membrane called that encloses the developing embryo ?

A

Amnion

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16
Q

What does the amnion secrete and what does it do ?

A

Amniotic fluid and it protects the developing embryo from bumps and jolts

17
Q

What does the placenta do

A
  • anchors the embryo
  • allows the embryo to obtain glucose and oxygen
  • gets rid of waste products such as carbon dioxide
18
Q

How is the placenta attached to the embryo ?

A

By the umbilical cord

19
Q

How do the materials move between the maternal and the fetal blood ?

A

Diffusion

20
Q

Why do the blood supplies not mix ?

A

The pressure would be too great for the baby

21
Q

How is the placenta adapted for efficient exchange of substances ?

A
  • it has lots of capillaries
  • short distance for diffusion
  • large surface area
  • lots of villi
  • high concentration gradient between the mother and the fetus
22
Q

What is a period ?

A

The losing of the lining of the uterus from the woman’s body

23
Q

What is a follicle ?

A

A fluid filled sack that contains an egg 🍳

24
Q

What is ovulation ?

A

When are follicle moves towards the edge of the ovary and releases the egg

25
Q

What does oestrogen bring about ?

A

The repairing and thickening of the uterus lining

26
Q

What happens to the follicle after it releases an egg ?

A

It forms a structure in the ovary called a corpus luteum.

27
Q

Does a corpus luteum do ?

A

It makes a hormone called progesterone

28
Q

What does progesterone do ?

A

Maintains the uterus lining

29
Q

What takes over the corpus luteum later on in the pregnancy and secretes progesterone ?

A

The placenta

30
Q

What is puberty ?

A

The time that secondary sexual characteristics occur

31
Q

What controls the development of secondary sexual characteristics ?

A

Hormones

32
Q

What is the male hormone involved in the development of secondary sexual characteristics ?

A

Testosterone

33
Q

What is the female hormone involved in the development of secondary sexual characteristics ?

A

Oestrogen

34
Q

Secondary sexual characteristics in boys

A
  • Voice breaks
  • sperm production begins
  • shoulders broaden
  • body and pubic hair develops
  • genitalia growth
  • possible mood swings and acne
35
Q

Secondary sexual characteristics in girls

A
  • voice deepens
  • menstrual cycle begins
  • pelvis broadens in preparation for pregnancy
  • body and pubic hair develop
  • that deposit on breasts, hips and thighs
  • possible mood swings and acne

GCSE Biology*** (22 decks)

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