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Nursing IV > Nutrition & Elimination part 2 (GAS#11 & Gas#12) > Flashcards

Nutrition & Elimination part 2 (GAS#11 & Gas#12) Flashcards

1
Q

Irritable Bowel Syndrome is associated with..

A

Stress

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2
Q

s/s of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

A

constipation, diarrhea, feeling urge to defecate, abdominal pain, cramping, improves with defecation

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3
Q

Irritable Bowel Syndrome treatment

A

elimination diet, 6-8 glasses, Exercise, antispasmodics, soluble fiber

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4
Q

Diverticulosis occurs in which part of intestine

A

it can occur anywhere but most common in sigmoid colon

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5
Q

Diverticulosis

A

food gets caught in sac like herniation of the lining of the bowel usually in the sigmoid colon (or anywhere in small intestine or colon) and then gets infected which turns into diverticulitis; ppl can have this for years and not know it

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6
Q

Diverticulitis

A

infection from food or bacteria being retained

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7
Q

s/s of Diverticulitis

A

fever, N/V, chills, cramping, constipation, bleeding (usually stops)

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8
Q

Diverticulitis can result in

A

abscess, fistulas, obstruction, perforation, peritonitis, hemorrhage

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9
Q

Management of Diverticulosis

A

High fiber Diet!

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10
Q

Management of Diverticulitis

A

bowel rest by liquids only then once inflammation subsides, high fiber, low fat diet and rest, antibiotics and pain meds

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11
Q

What should be avoided with Diverticular disease?

A

morphine should be avoided because it can increase pressure on colon & NSAIDS because they increase risk of perforation

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12
Q

Peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum ( can be caused by diverticulitis

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13
Q

s/s of Peritonitis

A

pain, tender, distention, rigid muscles, n,v, decreased perstalsis, increased WBC, altered electrolytes, hypovolemia

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14
Q

management of Peritonitis

A

increase fluids! because hypovolemia occurs & electrolytes go from intestines to peritonial cavity

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15
Q

Crohns Disease

A

WBC accumulate in intestine which create ulcers, can be located anywhere in the GI tract

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16
Q

two main s/s of Crohns disease

A

diarrhea, abdominal pain in Right lower quadrant

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17
Q

During an acute phase of crohns disease what is important for patient to be?

A

NPO

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18
Q

Crohns disease management

A

steroids, antibiotics, amodium, surgery, TPN then clear liquids as tolerated

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19
Q

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

A

Crohns Disease & Ulcerative Colitis

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20
Q

Ulcerative Colitis

A

continual inflammation, effects mucosa & submucosa. Mucosa becomes inflammed & sluffs off, bleeding is common which usually goes away

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21
Q

what is a common side effect of ulcerative colitis?

A

Diarrhea

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22
Q

What can severe attacks of ulcerative colitis lead to?

A

hemmorrage

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23
Q

Only cure for ulcerative colitis?

A

surgery where they remove the colon & rectum (which also decreases their risk for cancer)

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24
Q

Surgery for ulcerative colitis is only for which people?

A

people with precancerous cells and the very severe

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25
Q

With ulcerative colitis, during the acute phase, what happens to their calorie & protein levels? & whats important to teach them about it

A

they go down so make sure they have a diet high in calories & protein

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26
Q

Celiac Disease

A

inflammation of the small intestine triggered by gluten

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27
Q

Is celiac disease genetic?

A

yes

28
Q

what can celiac disease lead to

A

osteoporosis, infertility, cancer

29
Q

s/s of celiac disease

A

abdominal pain, fatigue, HA, foggy, tingling in extremities, depression//anxiety, missed menstrual periods, bone/jt pain, dermatitis Herpetiformis, pale foul smelling stool (children)

30
Q

What diseases cause the villi to be destroyed in the small intestine & what happens with the patients nutrition

A

Celiac disease;they become malnourished

31
Q

what foods should patients with celiac disease avoid?

A

pasta, baked goods, cereal

32
Q

Celiac Disease treatment

A

avoid gluten! kids start with rice cerel

33
Q

Celiac Disease parent teaching

A

teach there is “hidden” gluten such as “hydrolyzed vegetable protein” in food

34
Q

Polyp formation

A

disruption of normal cell proliferation to replace epithelial cells, may be benign, malignant

35
Q

s/s of Polyps

A

RECTAL BLEEDING, change in bowel habits, feeling of incomplete emptying, weakness/fatigue, wt loss

36
Q

what is found in the blood when polyps lead to cancer

A

tumor markers

37
Q

with a small bowel obstruction patient will have which electrolyte imbalance?

A

they will be hypokalemia & will have a decrease in HCL

38
Q

Small bowel obstruction treatment

A

Decompression of the bowel through an NG tube, vs

39
Q

Large Bowel obstructions are usually seen where?

A

sigmoid colon

40
Q

what is a major cause of a large bowel obstruction?

A

cancer

41
Q

what can a large bowel obstruction lead to?

A

gangrene & perforation

42
Q

s/s of bowel obstruction

A

constipation, colicky pain, distended abdomen above site, high pitched tinkling bowel sounds, localized tenderness, vomiting (late sign)

43
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome teaching to patient

A

Eat at regular times, chew food slowly and throughly, fluid shouldn’t be taken with meals to avoid abdominal distention

44
Q

Predisposing factor of diverticulosis

A

A low intake of dietary fiber

45
Q

A Small bowel obstruction can cause which acid base imbalance?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

46
Q

Difference between small bowel and large bowel obstruction

A

Small bowel=small intestine large bowel=large intestine; large bowel obstruction progress relatively slowly compared to small bowel obstruction

47
Q

Stomach cancer complications post op

A

volvulus (twisting of the bowels), wound dehiscence, peritontitis

48
Q

Necrotizing Entercolitis

A

immature GI motility

49
Q

Necrotizing Entercolitis s/s

A

not emptying completely, xray shows air in abdomen, distended abdomen, blood in stool, apnea

50
Q

3 things needed for necrotizing entercolitis

A

inadequate 02, invassive bactria, enternal feeding

51
Q

Necrotizing Entercolitis management

A

NPO, may have NG tube, antibiotics, ventilator, 02

52
Q

What do you have to do as a nurse for an infant with Necrotizing Entercolitis?

A

measue abdominal circumference, check to make sure they are going to the bathroom

53
Q

Atresia

A

congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening

54
Q

anal atresia

A

lack of passage of meconium stool

55
Q

Intussusception

A

integration of one portion of the intestine into another

56
Q

s/s of intussusception

A

“currant jelly” stools; parents think baby is just colicky

57
Q

Hirschsprung’s (megacolon)

A

ansence of innervation to the muscle of a section of the bowel

58
Q

s/s of Hirschsprung’s (megacolon)

A

no peristalsis (so it becomes enlarged), chronic constipation, RIBBON like stools, dilation of the bowel

59
Q

Hirschsprung’s(megacolon): failure to pass meconium(1st stool) within how many hours after birth?

A

24-48

60
Q

Why are diagnostic tests done with caution with Hirschsprung’s (megacolon)?

A

because they don’t want to rupture bowel

61
Q

What will the diagnostic tests show with Hirschsprung’s (megacolon)

A

will show a lack of stool

62
Q

Hirschsprung’s (megacolon) treatment

A

may have temporary or permanent colostomy (depends how bad it is)

63
Q

what do you teach parents about Hirschsprung’s (megacolon) before they leave?

A

teach colostomy care!

64
Q

Pre surgery for Hirschsprung’s (megacolon)

A

edemas, NPO, TPN, decrease fiber with vitamin supplements

65
Q

Post op surgery for Hirschsprung’s (megacolon)

A

foley cath, NG tube, asses bowel sounds, liquids after 24 hrs, teach care & management

Nursing IV (20 decks)

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