Acute upper& lower Respiratory Diseases (Gas#2)

Question 1

Upper Respiratory Infections

Answer 1

Sinusitis, Acute/Chronic pharyngitis, Croup, Epiglottitis

Question 2

Rhinitis

Answer 2

inflammation of nasal mucous membrane

Question 3

Rhinorrhea

Answer 3

Profuse watery nasal discharge

Question 4

Conjunctivitis

Answer 4

inflammation of the membrane lining the eyelid and covering the eyeball

Question 5

Allergic Shiner

Answer 5

Dark circles under eyes from venous congestion in the maxillary sinuses

Question 6

How do you treat Rhinitis, Rhinorrhea, conjunctivitis & allergic shiner

Answer 6

find out if it is an allergies, cold mist, nasal spray, laser device

Question 7

Acute Sinusitis s/s

Answer 7

<3 wks, facial pain worsening when bending over, intermittent sore throat, tooth pain (present in both acute&chronic: fever, nasal discharge, congestion, HA, pain)

Question 8

Chronic Sinusitis s/s

Answer 8

fever, nasal discharge, congestion, HA, pain

Question 9

acute/chronic Sinusitis treatment

Answer 9

decongestants, acetaminophen, antibiotics, surgery

Question 10

Pharyngitis

Answer 10

inflammation of the tonsils, pharynx and larynx

Question 11

Acute pharyngitis s/s

Answer 11

sudden painful inflammation, fever, malaise, bacterial/viral, easily spread-droplet

Question 12

Acute bacterial pharyngitis s/s

Answer 12

will have white patches and 2 or more symptoms

Question 13

acute viral pharyngitis s/s

Answer 13

red swollen tonsils, throat redness

Question 14

what types of things can cause chronic pharyngitis/treatment

Answer 14

persistent tonsillitis, dust, excessive voice use, smoking, alcohol/ prolonged antibiotics

Question 15

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)/cause

Answer 15

acute inflammation of larynx, trachea and major bronchi, occurs in kids 3-6 yrs old, usually viral

Question 16

Croup s/s

Answer 16

usually sudden, hoarse, barking cough, stridor, marked retractions, the greater the croup score the worse it is

Question 17

mild croup treatment

Answer 17

cool-air, steamy bathroom

Question 18

severe croup treatment

Answer 18

corticosteroids, bronchodilator

Question 19

Epiglottitis

Answer 19

swollen epiglottis may be viral or bacterial

Question 20

Epiglottits s/s

Answer 20

severe stridor, high fever, HIGH WBC, DROOLING, very sore throat, 4 D’s

Question 21

4 D’s of Epiglottitis

Answer 21

drooling, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), dystonia, distressed inspiration

Question 22

what position can you put a child in with Epiglottitis to help them breath?

Answer 22

put them in the tripod position

Question 23

Lower respiratory tract diseases

Answer 23

SARS, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, pulmonary embolism, ARF, ARDS, chest tumors

Question 24

SARS (Sudden acute respiratory syndrome) s/s & key symptom that you will see

Answer 24

fever, cough, SOB, difficulty breathing, HYPOXIA, low white cell count (determining factor)

Question 25

SARS treatment

Answer 25

oxygen, hydration, corticosteriods, mechanical ventilation

Question 26

Pulmonary Edema

Answer 26

fluid in interstitial or alveolar space

Question 27

Pulmonary edema can cause cardiogenic problems such as..

Answer 27

HF, volume overload, cardiac tamponade

Question 28

Pulmonary edema can cause non-cardiogenic problems such as

Answer 28

Embolism, pancreatitis, DIC, sepsis, shock

Question 29

Pulmonary Embolism results in

Answer 29

pulmonary infarction, it can obstruct >60% of pulmonary circulation

Question 30

Pulmonary Embolism risk factors

Answer 30

obesity, immobility, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, surgery, afib, fractures, prior clotting problems

Question 31

Pulmonary Embolism s/s

Answer 31

chest pain, Dyspnea & Tachycardia, rales, wheezes, CXR-pleural effusion, decreased o2 &co2.

Question 32

Why would a patient with a pulmonary embolism be alkalosis and how can you tell if its a embolism or MI?

Answer 32

because they are hyperventilating, their o2 &co2 will be low/ If you put oxygen on them they wont get better with an embolism

Question 33

increased resistance in the lungs from a pulmonary embolism will lead to?

Answer 33

right HF due to pulmonary HTN (corpulmonale)

Question 34

Pulmonary embolism diagnostics/treatment

Answer 34

CXR, Electrocardiogram to R/O MI, ABGs, ultrasound of legs, lungs scan/ anticoagulants, thrombolytic therapy, emoblectomy, IVC filters

Question 35

Acute Respiratory Failure O2 & CO2 levels

Answer 35

O2 <50 (hypercapnia)

Question 36

what two things do you need in order to have Acute Respiratory Failure?

Answer 36

hypoxiema & Hypercapnia

Question 37

Acute Respiratory Failure mangement

Answer 37

O2, ventilator, suction prn, TCDB

Question 38

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) s/s

Answer 38

labored respirations, retractions, grunting, crackles, hypoxemia, eventual acidosis, decreased Cardiac output/BP

Question 39

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) management

Answer 39

early detection is key! put on ventilator, steroids, diuretics, vasopressors

Question 40

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) can cause direct pulmonary trauma such as..

Answer 40

pneumonia, embolus, aspiration

Question 41

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) can cause indirect pulmonary trauma such as

Answer 41

sepsis, shock, DIC, PIH, pancreatitis

Question 42

Thoracic surgery: wedge resection

Answer 42

they take out a small section of the lung

Question 43

Thoracic surgery: Lobectomy

Answer 43

they take out 1/2 of one lung

Question 44

Thoracic surgery: pneumonectomy & what is important about this one?

Answer 44

they take out one whole lung. Do not suction this patient

Question 45

After Thoracic surgery when do you medicate them

Answer 45

You medicate them q 4 hours for the first 72 hours

Question 46

Discharge teaching after thoracic surgery

Answer 46

may have numbness of incision area, pain, use incentive spirometer, avoid heavy lifting/ pulling/raising arm for 8 wks

Question 47

Oat cell lung cancer is located where and what hormone syndrome does it effect?

Answer 47

located toward center and can develop Cushings syndrome, inappropriate secretion of ADH & Carcinoid syndrome

Question 48

Squamous cell lung cancer is located where and what hormone syndrome does it effect?

Answer 48

located on inter left lung and can develop Hypercalcemia

Question 49

Large cell lung cancer is located where and what hormone syndrome does it effect?

Answer 49

located on outer lower right lung and can develop Gynecomastia

Question 50

Broncial adenoma lung cancer is located where and what hormone syndrome does it effect?

Answer 50

located upper outer right lung and can develop Carcinoid syndrome