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Nursing IV > Acute upper& lower Respiratory Diseases (Gas#2) > Flashcards

Acute upper& lower Respiratory Diseases (Gas#2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Upper Respiratory Infections

A

Sinusitis, Acute/Chronic pharyngitis, Croup, Epiglottitis

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2
Q

Rhinitis

A

inflammation of nasal mucous membrane

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3
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

Profuse watery nasal discharge

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4
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the membrane lining the eyelid and covering the eyeball

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5
Q

Allergic Shiner

A

Dark circles under eyes from venous congestion in the maxillary sinuses

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6
Q

How do you treat Rhinitis, Rhinorrhea, conjunctivitis & allergic shiner

A

find out if it is an allergies, cold mist, nasal spray, laser device

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7
Q

Acute Sinusitis s/s

A

<3 wks, facial pain worsening when bending over, intermittent sore throat, tooth pain (present in both acute&chronic: fever, nasal discharge, congestion, HA, pain)

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8
Q

Chronic Sinusitis s/s

A

fever, nasal discharge, congestion, HA, pain

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9
Q

acute/chronic Sinusitis treatment

A

decongestants, acetaminophen, antibiotics, surgery

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10
Q

Pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the tonsils, pharynx and larynx

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11
Q

Acute pharyngitis s/s

A

sudden painful inflammation, fever, malaise, bacterial/viral, easily spread-droplet

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12
Q

Acute bacterial pharyngitis s/s

A

will have white patches and 2 or more symptoms

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13
Q

acute viral pharyngitis s/s

A

red swollen tonsils, throat redness

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14
Q

what types of things can cause chronic pharyngitis/treatment

A

persistent tonsillitis, dust, excessive voice use, smoking, alcohol/ prolonged antibiotics

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15
Q

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)/cause

A

acute inflammation of larynx, trachea and major bronchi, occurs in kids 3-6 yrs old, usually viral

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16
Q

Croup s/s

A

usually sudden, hoarse, barking cough, stridor, marked retractions, the greater the croup score the worse it is

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17
Q

mild croup treatment

A

cool-air, steamy bathroom

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18
Q

severe croup treatment

A

corticosteroids, bronchodilator

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19
Q

Epiglottitis

A

swollen epiglottis may be viral or bacterial

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20
Q

Epiglottits s/s

A

severe stridor, high fever, HIGH WBC, DROOLING, very sore throat, 4 D’s

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21
Q

4 D’s of Epiglottitis

A

drooling, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), dystonia, distressed inspiration

22
Q

what position can you put a child in with Epiglottitis to help them breath?

A

put them in the tripod position

23
Q

Lower respiratory tract diseases

A

SARS, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, pulmonary embolism, ARF, ARDS, chest tumors

24
Q

SARS (Sudden acute respiratory syndrome) s/s & key symptom that you will see

A

fever, cough, SOB, difficulty breathing, HYPOXIA, low white cell count (determining factor)

25
Q

SARS treatment

A

oxygen, hydration, corticosteriods, mechanical ventilation

26
Q

Pulmonary Edema

A

fluid in interstitial or alveolar space

27
Q

Pulmonary edema can cause cardiogenic problems such as..

A

HF, volume overload, cardiac tamponade

28
Q

Pulmonary edema can cause non-cardiogenic problems such as

A

Embolism, pancreatitis, DIC, sepsis, shock

29
Q

Pulmonary Embolism results in

A

pulmonary infarction, it can obstruct >60% of pulmonary circulation

30
Q

Pulmonary Embolism risk factors

A

obesity, immobility, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, surgery, afib, fractures, prior clotting problems

31
Q

Pulmonary Embolism s/s

A

chest pain, Dyspnea & Tachycardia, rales, wheezes, CXR-pleural effusion, decreased o2 &co2.

32
Q

Why would a patient with a pulmonary embolism be alkalosis and how can you tell if its a embolism or MI?

A

because they are hyperventilating, their o2 &co2 will be low/ If you put oxygen on them they wont get better with an embolism

33
Q

increased resistance in the lungs from a pulmonary embolism will lead to?

A

right HF due to pulmonary HTN (corpulmonale)

34
Q

Pulmonary embolism diagnostics/treatment

A

CXR, Electrocardiogram to R/O MI, ABGs, ultrasound of legs, lungs scan/ anticoagulants, thrombolytic therapy, emoblectomy, IVC filters

35
Q

Acute Respiratory Failure O2 & CO2 levels

A

O2 <50 (hypercapnia)

36
Q

what two things do you need in order to have Acute Respiratory Failure?

A

hypoxiema & Hypercapnia

37
Q

Acute Respiratory Failure mangement

A

O2, ventilator, suction prn, TCDB

38
Q

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) s/s

A

labored respirations, retractions, grunting, crackles, hypoxemia, eventual acidosis, decreased Cardiac output/BP

39
Q

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) management

A

early detection is key! put on ventilator, steroids, diuretics, vasopressors

40
Q

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) can cause direct pulmonary trauma such as..

A

pneumonia, embolus, aspiration

41
Q

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) can cause indirect pulmonary trauma such as

A

sepsis, shock, DIC, PIH, pancreatitis

42
Q

Thoracic surgery: wedge resection

A

they take out a small section of the lung

43
Q

Thoracic surgery: Lobectomy

A

they take out 1/2 of one lung

44
Q

Thoracic surgery: pneumonectomy & what is important about this one?

A

they take out one whole lung. Do not suction this patient

45
Q

After Thoracic surgery when do you medicate them

A

You medicate them q 4 hours for the first 72 hours

46
Q

Discharge teaching after thoracic surgery

A

may have numbness of incision area, pain, use incentive spirometer, avoid heavy lifting/ pulling/raising arm for 8 wks

47
Q

Oat cell lung cancer is located where and what hormone syndrome does it effect?

A

located toward center and can develop Cushings syndrome, inappropriate secretion of ADH & Carcinoid syndrome

48
Q

Squamous cell lung cancer is located where and what hormone syndrome does it effect?

A

located on inter left lung and can develop Hypercalcemia

49
Q

Large cell lung cancer is located where and what hormone syndrome does it effect?

A

located on outer lower right lung and can develop Gynecomastia

50
Q

Broncial adenoma lung cancer is located where and what hormone syndrome does it effect?

A

located upper outer right lung and can develop Carcinoid syndrome

Nursing IV (20 decks)

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