Acute upper& lower Respiratory Diseases (Gas#2) Flashcards
Upper Respiratory Infections
Sinusitis, Acute/Chronic pharyngitis, Croup, Epiglottitis
Rhinitis
inflammation of nasal mucous membrane
Rhinorrhea
Profuse watery nasal discharge
Conjunctivitis
inflammation of the membrane lining the eyelid and covering the eyeball
Allergic Shiner
Dark circles under eyes from venous congestion in the maxillary sinuses
How do you treat Rhinitis, Rhinorrhea, conjunctivitis & allergic shiner
find out if it is an allergies, cold mist, nasal spray, laser device
Acute Sinusitis s/s
<3 wks, facial pain worsening when bending over, intermittent sore throat, tooth pain (present in both acute&chronic: fever, nasal discharge, congestion, HA, pain)
Chronic Sinusitis s/s
fever, nasal discharge, congestion, HA, pain
acute/chronic Sinusitis treatment
decongestants, acetaminophen, antibiotics, surgery
Pharyngitis
inflammation of the tonsils, pharynx and larynx
Acute pharyngitis s/s
sudden painful inflammation, fever, malaise, bacterial/viral, easily spread-droplet
Acute bacterial pharyngitis s/s
will have white patches and 2 or more symptoms
acute viral pharyngitis s/s
red swollen tonsils, throat redness
what types of things can cause chronic pharyngitis/treatment
persistent tonsillitis, dust, excessive voice use, smoking, alcohol/ prolonged antibiotics
Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)/cause
acute inflammation of larynx, trachea and major bronchi, occurs in kids 3-6 yrs old, usually viral
Croup s/s
usually sudden, hoarse, barking cough, stridor, marked retractions, the greater the croup score the worse it is
mild croup treatment
cool-air, steamy bathroom
severe croup treatment
corticosteroids, bronchodilator
Epiglottitis
swollen epiglottis may be viral or bacterial
Epiglottits s/s
severe stridor, high fever, HIGH WBC, DROOLING, very sore throat, 4 D’s
4 D’s of Epiglottitis
drooling, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), dystonia, distressed inspiration
what position can you put a child in with Epiglottitis to help them breath?
put them in the tripod position
Lower respiratory tract diseases
SARS, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, pulmonary embolism, ARF, ARDS, chest tumors
SARS (Sudden acute respiratory syndrome) s/s & key symptom that you will see
fever, cough, SOB, difficulty breathing, HYPOXIA, low white cell count (determining factor)
SARS treatment
oxygen, hydration, corticosteriods, mechanical ventilation
Pulmonary Edema
fluid in interstitial or alveolar space
Pulmonary edema can cause cardiogenic problems such as..
HF, volume overload, cardiac tamponade
Pulmonary edema can cause non-cardiogenic problems such as
Embolism, pancreatitis, DIC, sepsis, shock
Pulmonary Embolism results in
pulmonary infarction, it can obstruct >60% of pulmonary circulation
Pulmonary Embolism risk factors
obesity, immobility, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, surgery, afib, fractures, prior clotting problems
Pulmonary Embolism s/s
chest pain, Dyspnea & Tachycardia, rales, wheezes, CXR-pleural effusion, decreased o2 &co2.
Why would a patient with a pulmonary embolism be alkalosis and how can you tell if its a embolism or MI?
because they are hyperventilating, their o2 &co2 will be low/ If you put oxygen on them they wont get better with an embolism
increased resistance in the lungs from a pulmonary embolism will lead to?
right HF due to pulmonary HTN (corpulmonale)
Pulmonary embolism diagnostics/treatment
CXR, Electrocardiogram to R/O MI, ABGs, ultrasound of legs, lungs scan/ anticoagulants, thrombolytic therapy, emoblectomy, IVC filters
Acute Respiratory Failure O2 & CO2 levels
O2 <50 (hypercapnia)
what two things do you need in order to have Acute Respiratory Failure?
hypoxiema & Hypercapnia
Acute Respiratory Failure mangement
O2, ventilator, suction prn, TCDB
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) s/s
labored respirations, retractions, grunting, crackles, hypoxemia, eventual acidosis, decreased Cardiac output/BP
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) management
early detection is key! put on ventilator, steroids, diuretics, vasopressors
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) can cause direct pulmonary trauma such as..
pneumonia, embolus, aspiration
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) can cause indirect pulmonary trauma such as
sepsis, shock, DIC, PIH, pancreatitis
Thoracic surgery: wedge resection
they take out a small section of the lung
Thoracic surgery: Lobectomy
they take out 1/2 of one lung
Thoracic surgery: pneumonectomy & what is important about this one?
they take out one whole lung. Do not suction this patient
After Thoracic surgery when do you medicate them
You medicate them q 4 hours for the first 72 hours
Discharge teaching after thoracic surgery
may have numbness of incision area, pain, use incentive spirometer, avoid heavy lifting/ pulling/raising arm for 8 wks
Oat cell lung cancer is located where and what hormone syndrome does it effect?
located toward center and can develop Cushings syndrome, inappropriate secretion of ADH & Carcinoid syndrome
Squamous cell lung cancer is located where and what hormone syndrome does it effect?
located on inter left lung and can develop Hypercalcemia
Large cell lung cancer is located where and what hormone syndrome does it effect?
located on outer lower right lung and can develop Gynecomastia
Broncial adenoma lung cancer is located where and what hormone syndrome does it effect?
located upper outer right lung and can develop Carcinoid syndrome
