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Nursing IV > Acute Kidney Diseases part 1 (Gas#6) > Flashcards

Acute Kidney Diseases part 1 (Gas#6) Flashcards

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1
Q

Cystocele & what does it cause

A

herniation of the bladder into vaginal vault. Causes urine retention

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2
Q

Rectocele & what does it cause

A

hernication of rectum into vaginal vault. Causes urine retention

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3
Q

When percussing a persons kidneys, if they are tender what is that indicative of?

A

acute renal disease

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4
Q

a normal BUN creatine is and what do you look at this for

A

10:1 (look at this with renal disease)

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5
Q

what is the most reliable urine sample collection? least reliable?

A

by catheter, bagged is the least

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6
Q

Renal Angiogram

A

a catheter is inserted into the artery which then the dye is injected & x-rayed. It checks for any small vessel defects in kidney

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7
Q

Cystourethrography

A

a liquid dye is injected thru a catheter into a full bladder and x-rayed to see the bladder when it is full and while it is emptying

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8
Q

Cystoscopy

A

a cytoscope is inserted thru the urethra. The dr can take samples and is able to see things that xray might not be able to pick up. Its used to diagnose tumors, calculi, strctures, for stone removal

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9
Q

Pre-procedure care for Cystoscopy

A

make sure consent is signed, give sedation meds as ordered, asses understanding of procedure

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10
Q

IVP (Intravenous Pyelogram)

A

dye is injected, xray is taken, it evaluates structure, function of kidneys, ureters, and bladder

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11
Q

Pre-procedure care for IVP & cystourethrography

A

asses knowledge of procedure, ask about allergies esp to dye, have you had dye before? & did you have a bad rxn? verify consent was signed, obtain vs

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12
Q

post procedure care for IVP & cystourthrography

A

monitor vs, report allergic rxn (coughing may be an allergic rxn) increase fluids!!

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13
Q

Closed biopsy & what if they are prone to bleeding?

A

they insert a needle into bladder & collect cells to evaluate, If person is prone to bleeding, will do an open biopsy to make sure no hemorrhaging is occurring

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14
Q

what has a direct correlation between UTIs

A

catheters

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15
Q

Lower UTI include

A

Cystitis & Urethritis (basically the urethra & bladder)

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16
Q

Cystitis & Urethritis are what type of UTL lower or upper

A

lower

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17
Q

Upper UTI

A

Pyelonepritis (basically the kidneys)

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18
Q

Pyelonepritis is what type of UTI lower or upper?

A

upper

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19
Q

what 3 tests are looked at to diagnose a UTI

A

urine analysis, urine culture, WBC

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20
Q

if WBC is not elevated how do we treat?

A

cranberry tablets

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21
Q

lower UTI s/s

A

back pain, hematuria, cloudy urine, inability to urine, frequent need to urinate, dysuria (painful urination), fever, malaise (general discomfort

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22
Q

upper UTI s/s

A

pain below the ribs, n/v, chills, fever, malaise, polyuria (excessive urination), Nocturia (going at night)

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23
Q

Pyelonephritis & which organism is responsible for this

A

inflammation of the kidney & renal pelvis; E. coli

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24
Q

Risk factors of Pyelonephritis

A

UT obstruction, Renal calculi, congenital malformation, uncontrolled DM (glucose is a breading ground for bacteria) and valve problems

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25
Q

what kinds of people are at risk for Pyelonephritis?

A

young women and old men

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26
Q

UTI treatment

A

antibiotics/Force fluids

27
Q

major s/s for neonates, infants & older children with UTI

A

fever

28
Q

major s/s for older people with UTI

A

confusion

29
Q

If UTIs are left untreated they can lead to

A

Septic shock, ARDS, DIC

30
Q

lethargy, jaundice, fever, vomiting & seizures are UTI symptoms of a neonate, infant, older child or older adult?

A

neonate

31
Q

fever, diahrrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain & poor wt gain are UTI symptoms of a neonate, infant, older child or older adult?

A

infant

32
Q

dysuria, hematuria, urgency, frequency, flank pain, fever, foul smelling urine or onset of wetting are UTI symptoms of a neonate, infant, older child or older adult?

A

older child

33
Q

Acute Glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation & infection of the tiny filters in your kidneys.

34
Q

When is acute glomerulonephritis commonly seen after what infection and with who?

A

commonly seen in children 5-21 days after a Beta hemolytic strep infection

35
Q

Beta hemolytic strep infection can cause?

A

acute glomerulonephritis

36
Q

s/s of acute glomerulonephritis

A

hematuria, proteinuria, azotemia/uremia, Na & water retention=edema & HTN, decreased GFR and increased permeability

37
Q

Nephrotic syndrome what is it and what does it cause

A

glomeruluslets leak out protein which causes thromboemboli & hypoalbuminemia which then causes edema, hyperlipidemia & the risk of clotting

38
Q

what does the loss of plasma proteins in nephrotic syndrome stimulate the liver to do?

A

the loss of plasma proteins stimulates the liver to increase albumin & lipoprotein synthesis causing triglycerides & LDL levels to increase

39
Q

Does Nephrotic syndrome resolve in kids?

A

yes, completely

40
Q

Urolithiasis

A

the process of forming kidney stones

41
Q

increased risk of developing a kidney stone

A

immobility, hypercalcemia, UTIs, urine stasis, fractures, dehydration with increased urine concentration, excessive intake of calcium, oxalate, or proteins

42
Q

what is the greatest risk factor for urolithiasis?

A

personal or family history

43
Q

s/s of a kidney stone

A

severe pain, renal colic, n/v, fever, chills, hematuria, rarely oliguria or anuria, urine retention

44
Q

Kidney stone treatment

A

force fluids, mobilize, relieve pain, diet, allow to pass or get it removed

45
Q

can a staghorn kidney stone pass on own?

A

no

46
Q

Calcium (oxalate & phosphate) kidney stone causes

A

immobility, bone disease, increased calcium in diet & hyperparathyroidism

47
Q

Calcium (oxalate & phosphate) kidney stone treatment

A

increased fluids, thiazide diuretics, low calcium diet

48
Q

Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate kidney stone causes

A

UTIs

49
Q

Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate kidney stone treatment

A

increase fluids, acidification of urine

50
Q

Uric Acid-gout kidney stone causes

A

increased purine diet

51
Q

Uric Acid-gout kidney stone treatment

A

increase fluids, allopurinol, alkalinization of urine, low fat, low protein diet

52
Q

Cystine-cystinuria kidney stone causes

A

breakdown of protein by acid

53
Q

Cystine-cystinuria kidney stone treatment

A

increase fluids, alkalinization of urine, low protein

54
Q

if a person has a Calcium (oxalate & phosphate) kidney stone which foods should they stay away from?

A

oxalate rich food such as:

spinach, rhubarb, strawberries, beets, nuts, chocolate & black tea

55
Q

Alkaline foods

A

most fruits/veggies, figs, mineral water, orange juice, potatoes, spinach, watermelon, dendelion greens

56
Q

Acidic foods

A

corn, meat, fish, fowl, most grains, coffee, plums, prunes, cranberries, distilled water

57
Q

Lithotripsy

A

using sound or shock waves to crush a stone, its the preferred treatment for urinary calculi

58
Q

Percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy

A

a nephroscope is inserted into the renal pelvis & ultrasound waves are used to fragment the stone & then be removed

59
Q

3 s/s of kidney cancer when palpating/hitting kidneys

A

hematuria, flank pain, palpable abdominal mass

60
Q

cancer of the kidneys is more common in what age group

A

50-70

61
Q

Treatment for kidney cancer

A

renal nephrectomy (kidney removal), there is no treatment for advanced renal carcinoma

62
Q

Post op care after a renal nephrectomy

A

remaining kidney must be protected, pain will be significant, may have respiratory complications due to painful incision (patient wont want to TCDB), patient might grieve loss of organ

63
Q

Intravesical therapy

A

meds that are placed into bladder to destroy cancer cells

64
Q

can some bladder tumors come back?

A

yes, some are hard to remove;high grade

Nursing IV (20 decks)

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