Nutrition And Digestion Flashcards
What is a sphincter
Strong muscles that stops acid from leaving stomach. Also controls what goes in and out of stomach.
Structure and function of the stomach
A muscular sac that excretes hydrochloric acid and pepsin. Has a mucus layer to protect from stomach acid.
What are the names of the sphincters
Anal sphincter Odi sphincter Pyloric sphincter Esophageal sphincter (AKA Cardiac sphincter) Auodenal sphincter
Name the different muscles of the stomach (other than sphincters)
Longitudinal, circular, oblique muscles
What makes pepsin special
Pepsin is only enzyme that works in an acidic environment
What are the different parts of the small intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
What is the duodenum
80% of break down done in duodenum. First part of small intestine
What is the the jejunum
The jejunum is in the middle of the small intestine
What is the ileum
The ileum is the final part of the small intestine
What is the main purpose of the large intestine (colon)
The re absorption of water
What is the last part of the large intestine
Caecum
Do humans have a use for an appendix
Humans have no use for an appendix
What are the different parts of the large intestine
Ascending colon Right flexture Transverse colon Left colic flexture Descending colon Sigmad colon Retum Anal canal
What gets absorbed in large intestine
Water
Where are vitamins produced
Large intestine
What form are digestion enzymes
Liquid form
What does bacteria do in large intestine
Bacteria dissolves the non digested nutrients
What are accessory organs
Organs that help with digestion
Name the accessory organs
Liver
Pancreas
Common bile duct
Gall bladder
What does a liver do
To purify toxic materials
What does a pancreas do
Produces digestive enzymes
Also produces incline
What does incline do
Metabolizes sugar
What does a common bile duct do
Filters blood
Produces bile
What does bile do
Bile breaks down oil
What does a gull bladder do
If stores bile
Are nutrients necessary to the human body
Yes
What is a nutrient
Any chemical element or compound that is essential for normal growth, functioning, maintenance, and reproduction of an organism
How many major nutrient groups exist
6
7 if you count fiber
What are the 2 ways of classifying nutrients
Those are that provide energy
Those that support metabolic processes in our body
Why are the essential nutrients essential
Because they can not be synthesized by the body
Name the essential nutrients
Proteins Carbohydrates Fats and oils Minerals Vitamins Water Fiber
What do proteins do
Needed to repair and build many components of the body
What do carbohydrates do
Provide energy
What do fats and oils do
Incelation Cushioning Storing energy Makes things Source of energy
What do minerals do
Helps body preform different functions
Needed in small quantities
What do vitamins do
Play role of tools
Builds and repairs things.
Needed in small quantities
What does water do
Moistens tissue
Maintains body temperature
All biochemical reactions require water
What does fiber do
Stimulates large intestine to keep things moving
What are the 2 types of carbohydrates
Simple and complex
What is the difference between simple and complex carbohydrates
Simple: all are sugars. Have a simple molecular structure
Complex: made if several different molecules linked together. Consists of many simple carbohydrates linked together
What is the main sugar in food
Sucrose
Is sugar an essential nutrient
No
Where is lactose found
Dairy
Where is fructose mainly found
Fruits and vegetables
Can cells function without proteins
No
What are non structural proteins used for
Used as tools
Are antibodies proteins
Yes
How many amino acids does our body need
20
How many amino acids can our body make from scratch
10
Are fats and oils concentrated sources of energy
Yes
Does fat have more calories than carbohydrates
Fats have about 3 times more , but takes longer to metabolize than carbohydrates
Do fats make certain types of vitamins
Yes
What are all fats composed of
An alcohol called glycerol and fatty acids
What are fatty acids composed of
Long chain of carbon atoms to which hydrogen atoms are attached
What are the 2 types of fats
Saturated and unsaturated
Where do you find each type of fat
Saturated = animals Unsaturated = plants
Which type of fat is healthier
Unsaturated
What is triglyceride
The term for the glycerol and 3 fatty acids
What is polyunsaturated
Fatty acids found in products from plant sources
Do you store water soluble vitamins
No
Do you store fat soluble vitamins
Yes
What are the fat soluble vitamins
A D E K
What are the water soluble vitamins
B complex and C
Do some minerals help maintain a normal heartbeat
Yes
What are the 2 different types of minerals
Macro minerals
Micro minerals
What is needed in higher quantities micro or macro minerals
Maco minerals
Do scientists know how many macro minerals you need
No
What happens when you loose 10% of water
You die
Where are water soluble food stuff absorbed
Gets absorbed in large intestine and waste parts are eliminated in urine
What is peristalsis
Muscular movement that pushes food through suggestive track
What is emulsify
The action to break apart oil or fat
What is the purpose of the vili
To increase surface area of the mucosa of the intestine
What and why breakers down fiber
Bacteria breaks down fiber to create B complex vitamins
