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VN03 > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

what are vitamins?

A
  • essential
  • non-energy producing
  • micronutrients
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2
Q

what are the two types of micronutritents?

A
  • fat soluble (can be stored in liver)
  • water soluble (cannot be stored)
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3
Q

what are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

A
D
E
K

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4
Q

what are some of the water soluble vitamins?

A

choline
thiamine
riboflavin
niacin
vitamin c

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5
Q

what are minerals?

A
  • Inorganic elements in food
  • maintain acid-base balance
  • maintain osmotic pressures
  • normal cell functions
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6
Q

what are minerals divided into?

A
  • microminerals
  • macrominerals
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7
Q

what are some types of macrominerals?

A
  • calcium
  • phosphorus
  • magnesium
  • potassium
  • sodium and chloride
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8
Q

what are some types of microminerals?

A
  • iron, copper, zinc
  • manganese
  • selenium
  • iodine
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9
Q

what is calcium used for?

A
  • bone, tooth health
  • blood clotting
  • nerve and muscle function
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10
Q

what is chloride used for?

A
  • maintain osmotic pressure and acid-base balance
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11
Q

what is phosporus used for?

A
  • bone, tooth health
  • enzymes
  • energy utilisation
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12
Q

what ratio should calcium and phosphorus be in?

A

ca:ph = 1-1.5:1

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13
Q

what can an incorrect balance of calcium and phosporus result in?

A

secondary hyperparathyroidism

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14
Q

how much water does a patient need a day for maintenance?

A

50ml/kg/day

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15
Q

how many kcals should a pre-weaning patient have?

A

13-18kcal per 100g bw

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16
Q

when should you introduce a commercial diet?

A

3-4 weeks

17
Q

what is the recommended RER for neutered cats + dogs, entire cats + dogs?

A

neutered cats - 1.2 x RER
neutered dogs - 1.6 x RER
entire dogs - 1.8 x RER
entire cats - 1.4 x RER

18
Q

what is the recommended RER for the last 1/3 of a dog’s pregnancy?

A

3 X RER

19
Q

what is the recommended RER for a dog when lactating ?

A

8 x RER

20
Q

what are some types of feed?

A
  • complete
  • complimentary
  • dry
  • tinned
  • semi moist
21
Q

what are some types of additives?

A
  • anti-caking
  • antioxidents
  • colours
  • emulsifiers
22
Q

what is choline?

A
  • synthesised in the liver
  • functions as structural component in biological membranes
23
Q

what is L-carnitine?

A

necessary in cells to facilitate fatty acid oxidation

24
Q

what is a sign of L-carnitine deficency?

A

muscle weakness and hypoglycaemia

25
Q

what are some types of preservatives?

A
  • potassium sorbate
  • glycerol/sugars
  • vitamin E
  • ethoxyquin
26
Q

what is the dry matter basis calculation?

A

subtract stated moisture content from 100%

27
Q

what is the specific nutrient content calculation?

A
  • work out dry matter
  • divide nutrient by dry matter
  • x100
28
Q

what does an excess and lack of calcium lead to?

A

excess - orthopaedic disease
leads to - reduced bone mineralisation

29
Q

what does an excess and lack of chloride lead to?

A

excess - seizures
lack of - lethargy

30
Q

what does an excess and lack of phosphorus lead to?

A

excess - urinary crystals
lack of - reduced fertility

31
Q

what does an excess and lack of potassium lead to?

A

excess - kidney damage
lack of - lethargy

32
Q

what does an excess and lack of sodium lead to?

A

excess - seizures
lack of - lethargy

33
Q

what does an excess and lack of magnesium lead to?

A

excess - urinary crystals
lack of - poor bone mineralisation

34
Q

what does an excess and lack of iron lead to?

A

excess - weight loss
lack of - anaemia

35
Q

what does an excess and lack of zinc lead to?

A

excess - toxicity
lack of - alopecia

36
Q

what does a lack of fluoride lead to?

A

lack of - dental issues

37
Q

what does an excess and lack of copper lead to?

A

excess - liver damage
lack of - anaemia

38
Q

what does a lack of maganese lead to?

A

lack of - reproductive problems

VN03 (19 decks)

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