- essential - non-energy producing - micronutrients

- Inorganic elements in food - maintain acid-base balance - maintain osmotic pressures - normal cell functions

Nutrition Flashcards by Chloe Reynolds

what are vitamins?

essential
non-energy producing
micronutrients

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what are the two types of micronutritents?

fat soluble (can be stored in liver)
water soluble (cannot be stored)

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what are the fat soluble vitamins?

A
D
E
K

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what are some of the water soluble vitamins?

choline
thiamine
riboflavin
niacin
vitamin c

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what are minerals?

Inorganic elements in food
maintain acid-base balance
maintain osmotic pressures
normal cell functions

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what are minerals divided into?

microminerals
macrominerals

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what are some types of macrominerals?

calcium
phosphorus
magnesium
potassium
sodium and chloride

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what are some types of microminerals?

iron, copper, zinc
manganese
selenium
iodine

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what is calcium used for?

bone, tooth health
blood clotting
nerve and muscle function

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what is chloride used for?

maintain osmotic pressure and acid-base balance

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what is phosporus used for?

bone, tooth health
enzymes
energy utilisation

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what ratio should calcium and phosphorus be in?

ca:ph = 1-1.5:1

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what can an incorrect balance of calcium and phosporus result in?

secondary hyperparathyroidism

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how much water does a patient need a day for maintenance?

50ml/kg/day

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how many kcals should a pre-weaning patient have?

13-18kcal per 100g bw

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when should you introduce a commercial diet?

3-4 weeks

what is the recommended RER for neutered cats + dogs, entire cats + dogs?

neutered cats - 1.2 x RER
neutered dogs - 1.6 x RER
entire dogs - 1.8 x RER
entire cats - 1.4 x RER

what is the recommended RER for the last 1/3 of a dog’s pregnancy?

3 X RER

what is the recommended RER for a dog when lactating ?

8 x RER

what are some types of feed?

complete
complimentary
dry
tinned
semi moist

what are some types of additives?

anti-caking
antioxidents
colours
emulsifiers

what is choline?

synthesised in the liver
functions as structural component in biological membranes

what is L-carnitine?

necessary in cells to facilitate fatty acid oxidation

what is a sign of L-carnitine deficency?

muscle weakness and hypoglycaemia

what are some types of preservatives?

- potassium sorbate - glycerol/sugars - vitamin E - ethoxyquin

what is the dry matter basis calculation?

subtract stated moisture content from 100%

what is the specific nutrient content calculation?

- work out dry matter - divide nutrient by dry matter - x100

what does an excess and lack of calcium lead to?

excess - orthopaedic disease leads to - reduced bone mineralisation

what does an excess and lack of chloride lead to?

excess - seizures lack of - lethargy

what does an excess and lack of phosphorus lead to?

excess - urinary crystals lack of - reduced fertility

what does an excess and lack of potassium lead to?

excess - kidney damage lack of - lethargy

what does an excess and lack of sodium lead to?

excess - seizures lack of - lethargy

what does an excess and lack of magnesium lead to?

excess - urinary crystals lack of - poor bone mineralisation

what does an excess and lack of iron lead to?

excess - weight loss lack of - anaemia

what does an excess and lack of zinc lead to?

excess - toxicity lack of - alopecia

what does a lack of fluoride lead to?

lack of - dental issues

what does an excess and lack of copper lead to?

excess - liver damage lack of - anaemia

what does a lack of maganese lead to?

lack of - reproductive problems