Body cavities, circulatory and lymphatic system Flashcards
what is in the thoracic cavity?
- vagus nerve
- aorta
- vena cava
- thymus
- bronchii
- thoracic duct
- lungs
- heart
- distal trachea
- oesophagus
what is in the abdominal cavity?
- stomach
- liver
- spleen
- gall bladder
- pancreas
- small intestine
- caecum
- large intestine
- colon
- rectum
- bladder
- ureters
- urethra
- kidneys
- uterus
- ovaries
what is the lining of the walls of a cavity called?
parietal
what is the lining of the organs of any cavity called?
visceral
what is the walls of the thoracic cavity called?
pleura
what is the walls of the abdominal cavity called?
peritoneum
what is the mediastinum?
the area that separates the left and right lung
what does the mediastinum contain?
- heart
- trachea
- oesophagus
- lymph nodes
- thymus
what is the aortic hiatus?
hole for the aorta
what is the oesophageal hiatus?
hole for oesophagus
what is the caval foramen?
hole for the vena cava
what is the heart?
- four chambered, biological pump
- myogenic (made of muscle)
what is the pericardium sac of the heart made up of?
- 3 layers
- fibrous (outer membrane for protection)
- serous ( inner layer for lubrication)
- visceral serous (covers heart)
what makes up the heart mass?
myocardium
what is the inner heart lining called and what type of tissue is it?
endocardium - simple squamous epithelium
what are the four chambers of the heart?
- right ventricle
- right atrium
- left ventricle
- left atrium
where does the heart sit in dogs and cats?
dogs - 3rd and 6th intercostal space
cats - 3rd and 5th intercostal space
what is the journey of blood through the heart?
- superior and inferior vena cava (DEOXYGENATED BLOOD) - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary - the lungs - gaseous exchange - OXYGENATED BLOOD - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta - rest of the body
what is a diastole?
relaxation and filling of the heart
what is a systole?
contraction of the heart
what artery is the only artery in the entire body to carry deoxygenated blood?
pulmonary
what vein is the only vein in the entire body to carry oxygenated blood?
pulmonary
what is pulmonary circulation?
system of transportation. of de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs into oxygenated blood
what are the overlapping flaps on valves called?
leaflets
what prevents leaflets from turning inside out ?
cordaee tendinae (strands of fibrous tissue)
what is having a narrow valve called?
aortic/pulmonic stenosis
- blood pushed through at a higher velocity
what causes a heart murmur?
Damaged valves allow blood to leak back from ventricle to the atrium
what is a ventricular septal defect?
a hole in the heart
what happens to the atria when the ventricles contract?
atria relaxes
what happens to the ventricle when the atria contracts?
ventricles relax
where is the heart beat initiated?
sinoatrial node
what is the sinoatrial node?
a specialised group of muscle fibres found in the wall of thee right atrium
where are contractions stimulated?
the atrio ventricular node
what are the normal HRs for a dog, cat, rabbit, and gpig?
dog - 70-140
cat - 100-200
rabbit - 130-325
gpig - 190-300
what is blood pressure?
pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels
what is the BP called when the heart contracts?
systolic
what is the BP called when the heart relaxes?
diastolic
what causes the ‘lub’ sound of the heart?
the tricuspid and bicuspid valves closing
what causes thee ‘dub’ sound of the heart?
the pulmonary and aortic valves closing
what is a wave on an ECG?
positive or negative deflection from baseline that indicates a specific electrical event
what does ECG stand for?
electrocardiogram
what is an interval on an ECG?
the time between two specific ECG events
what is a segment on an ECG?
the length between two specific points on an ECG that are supposed to be at the baseline amplitude
what is a complex on an ECG?
the length between two specific points on an ECG that are supposed to be at the baseline amplitude
what is a P wave?
when the SA. node fires off an impulse the atria depolarise
what is a QRS wave?
when the ventricles follow they depolarise
what is a T wave?
after depolarisation the ventricles repolarise
