Body cavities, circulatory and lymphatic system

Question 1

what is in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 1

• vagus nerve
• aorta
• vena cava
• thymus
• bronchii
• thoracic duct
• lungs
• heart
• distal trachea
• oesophagus

Question 2

what is in the abdominal cavity?

Answer 2

• stomach
• liver
• spleen
• gall bladder
• pancreas
• small intestine
• caecum
• large intestine
• colon
• rectum
• bladder
• ureters
• urethra
• kidneys
• uterus
• ovaries

Question 3

what is the lining of the walls of a cavity called?

Answer 3

parietal

Question 4

what is the lining of the organs of any cavity called?

Answer 4

visceral

Question 5

what is the walls of the thoracic cavity called?

Answer 5

pleura

Question 6

what is the walls of the abdominal cavity called?

Answer 6

peritoneum

Question 7

what is the mediastinum?

Answer 7

the area that separates the left and right lung

Question 8

what does the mediastinum contain?

Answer 8

• heart
• trachea
• oesophagus
• lymph nodes
• thymus

Question 9

what is the aortic hiatus?

Answer 9

hole for the aorta

Question 10

what is the oesophageal hiatus?

Answer 10

hole for oesophagus

Question 11

what is the caval foramen?

Answer 11

hole for the vena cava

Question 12

what is the heart?

Answer 12

• four chambered, biological pump
• myogenic (made of muscle)

Question 13

what is the pericardium sac of the heart made up of?

Answer 13

• 3 layers
• fibrous (outer membrane for protection)
• serous ( inner layer for lubrication)
• visceral serous (covers heart)

Question 14

what makes up the heart mass?

Answer 14

myocardium

Question 15

what is the inner heart lining called and what type of tissue is it?

Answer 15

endocardium - simple squamous epithelium

Question 16

what are the four chambers of the heart?

Answer 16

• right ventricle
• right atrium
• left ventricle
• left atrium

Question 17

where does the heart sit in dogs and cats?

Answer 17

dogs - 3rd and 6th intercostal space
cats - 3rd and 5th intercostal space

Question 18

what is the journey of blood through the heart?

Answer 18

• superior and inferior vena cava (DEOXYGENATED BLOOD) - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary - the lungs - gaseous exchange - OXYGENATED BLOOD - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta - rest of the body

Question 19

what is a diastole?

Answer 19

relaxation and filling of the heart

Question 20

what is a systole?

Answer 20

contraction of the heart

Question 21

what artery is the only artery in the entire body to carry deoxygenated blood?

Answer 21

pulmonary

Question 22

what vein is the only vein in the entire body to carry oxygenated blood?

Answer 22

pulmonary

Question 23

what is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 23

system of transportation. of de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs into oxygenated blood

Question 24

what are the overlapping flaps on valves called?

Answer 24

leaflets

Question 25

what prevents leaflets from turning inside out ?

Answer 25

cordaee tendinae (strands of fibrous tissue)

Question 26

what is having a narrow valve called?

Answer 26

aortic/pulmonic stenosis - blood pushed through at a higher velocity

Question 27

what causes a heart murmur?

Answer 27

Damaged valves allow blood to leak back from ventricle to the atrium

Question 28

what is a ventricular septal defect?

Answer 28

a hole in the heart

Question 29

what happens to the atria when the ventricles contract?

Answer 29

atria relaxes

Question 30

what happens to the ventricle when the atria contracts?

Answer 30

ventricles relax

Question 31

where is the heart beat initiated?

Answer 31

sinoatrial node

Question 32

what is the sinoatrial node?

Answer 32

a specialised group of muscle fibres found in the wall of thee right atrium

Question 33

where are contractions stimulated?

Answer 33

the atrio ventricular node

Question 34

what are the normal HRs for a dog, cat, rabbit, and gpig?

Answer 34

dog - 70-140 cat - 100-200 rabbit - 130-325 gpig - 190-300

Question 35

what is blood pressure?

Answer 35

pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels

Question 36

what is the BP called when the heart contracts?

Answer 36

systolic

Question 37

what is the BP called when the heart relaxes?

Answer 37

diastolic

Question 38

what causes the 'lub' sound of the heart?

Answer 38

the tricuspid and bicuspid valves closing

Question 39

what causes thee 'dub' sound of the heart?

Answer 39

the pulmonary and aortic valves closing

Question 40

what is a wave on an ECG?

Answer 40

positive or negative deflection from baseline that indicates a specific electrical event

Question 41

what does ECG stand for?

Answer 41

electrocardiogram

Question 42

what is an interval on an ECG?

Answer 42

the time between two specific ECG events

Question 43

what is a segment on an ECG?

Answer 43

the length between two specific points on an ECG that are supposed to be at the baseline amplitude

Question 44

what is a complex on an ECG?

Answer 44

the length between two specific points on an ECG that are supposed to be at the baseline amplitude

Question 45

what is a P wave?

Answer 45

when the SA. node fires off an impulse the atria depolarise

Question 46

what is a QRS wave?

Answer 46

when the ventricles follow they depolarise

Question 47

what is a T wave?

Answer 47

after depolarisation the ventricles repolarise