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VN03 > Body cavities, circulatory and lymphatic system > Flashcards

Body cavities, circulatory and lymphatic system Flashcards

1
Q

what is in the thoracic cavity?

A
  • vagus nerve
  • aorta
  • vena cava
  • thymus
  • bronchii
  • thoracic duct
  • lungs
  • heart
  • distal trachea
  • oesophagus
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2
Q

what is in the abdominal cavity?

A
  • stomach
  • liver
  • spleen
  • gall bladder
  • pancreas
  • small intestine
  • caecum
  • large intestine
  • colon
  • rectum
  • bladder
  • ureters
  • urethra
  • kidneys
  • uterus
  • ovaries
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3
Q

what is the lining of the walls of a cavity called?

A

parietal

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4
Q

what is the lining of the organs of any cavity called?

A

visceral

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5
Q

what is the walls of the thoracic cavity called?

A

pleura

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6
Q

what is the walls of the abdominal cavity called?

A

peritoneum

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7
Q

what is the mediastinum?

A

the area that separates the left and right lung

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8
Q

what does the mediastinum contain?

A
  • heart
  • trachea
  • oesophagus
  • lymph nodes
  • thymus
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9
Q

what is the aortic hiatus?

A

hole for the aorta

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10
Q

what is the oesophageal hiatus?

A

hole for oesophagus

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11
Q

what is the caval foramen?

A

hole for the vena cava

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12
Q

what is the heart?

A
  • four chambered, biological pump
  • myogenic (made of muscle)
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13
Q

what is the pericardium sac of the heart made up of?

A
  • 3 layers
  • fibrous (outer membrane for protection)
  • serous ( inner layer for lubrication)
  • visceral serous (covers heart)
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14
Q

what makes up the heart mass?

A

myocardium

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15
Q

what is the inner heart lining called and what type of tissue is it?

A

endocardium - simple squamous epithelium

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16
Q

what are the four chambers of the heart?

A
  • right ventricle
  • right atrium
  • left ventricle
  • left atrium
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17
Q

where does the heart sit in dogs and cats?

A

dogs - 3rd and 6th intercostal space
cats - 3rd and 5th intercostal space

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18
Q

what is the journey of blood through the heart?

A
  • superior and inferior vena cava (DEOXYGENATED BLOOD) - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary - the lungs - gaseous exchange - OXYGENATED BLOOD - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta - rest of the body
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19
Q

what is a diastole?

A

relaxation and filling of the heart

20
Q

what is a systole?

A

contraction of the heart

21
Q

what artery is the only artery in the entire body to carry deoxygenated blood?

A

pulmonary

22
Q

what vein is the only vein in the entire body to carry oxygenated blood?

A

pulmonary

23
Q

what is pulmonary circulation?

A

system of transportation. of de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs into oxygenated blood

24
Q

what are the overlapping flaps on valves called?

A

leaflets

25
Q

what prevents leaflets from turning inside out ?

A

cordaee tendinae (strands of fibrous tissue)

26
Q

what is having a narrow valve called?

A

aortic/pulmonic stenosis
- blood pushed through at a higher velocity

27
Q

what causes a heart murmur?

A

Damaged valves allow blood to leak back from ventricle to the atrium

28
Q

what is a ventricular septal defect?

A

a hole in the heart

29
Q

what happens to the atria when the ventricles contract?

A

atria relaxes

30
Q

what happens to the ventricle when the atria contracts?

A

ventricles relax

31
Q

where is the heart beat initiated?

A

sinoatrial node

32
Q

what is the sinoatrial node?

A

a specialised group of muscle fibres found in the wall of thee right atrium

33
Q

where are contractions stimulated?

A

the atrio ventricular node

34
Q

what are the normal HRs for a dog, cat, rabbit, and gpig?

A

dog - 70-140
cat - 100-200
rabbit - 130-325
gpig - 190-300

35
Q

what is blood pressure?

A

pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels

36
Q

what is the BP called when the heart contracts?

A

systolic

37
Q

what is the BP called when the heart relaxes?

A

diastolic

38
Q

what causes the ‘lub’ sound of the heart?

A

the tricuspid and bicuspid valves closing

39
Q

what causes thee ‘dub’ sound of the heart?

A

the pulmonary and aortic valves closing

40
Q

what is a wave on an ECG?

A

positive or negative deflection from baseline that indicates a specific electrical event

41
Q

what does ECG stand for?

A

electrocardiogram

42
Q

what is an interval on an ECG?

A

the time between two specific ECG events

43
Q

what is a segment on an ECG?

A

the length between two specific points on an ECG that are supposed to be at the baseline amplitude

44
Q

what is a complex on an ECG?

A

the length between two specific points on an ECG that are supposed to be at the baseline amplitude

45
Q

what is a P wave?

A

when the SA. node fires off an impulse the atria depolarise

46
Q

what is a QRS wave?

A

when the ventricles follow they depolarise

47
Q

what is a T wave?

A

after depolarisation the ventricles repolarise

VN03 (19 decks)

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