Clinical and behavioural indicators Flashcards
what detects changes in blood temperature?
thermosensitive cells in the hypothalmus
what are some physiological and behavioural heat loss mechanisms?
- vasodilation
- evaporative heat loss
- lie down/curl up
- piloerection
- vasoconstriction
- shivering
what are some temperature changes called?
- pyrexia
- hyperthermia
- hypothermia
- diphasic temperature
- pyrexia unknown origin
where is the electrical impulse generated from?
sinoatrial node
what is the journey of the cardiac cycle?
- sinoatrial node
- atria
- atrioventricular node
- ventricles
- bundle of his
- purkinje fibres
what does tachycardia mean?
- fast hr
what does bradycardia mean?
- slow hr
what does hypokinetic mean?
- weak hr
- seen in shock
what does water hammer mean?
- bounding pulse
what does hyperkinetic mean?
- bounding pulse and high bp
what does hypertension mean?
- high bp
what does a chemoreceptor do?
monitor pH, co2 and o2 in blood
what does a stretch receptor do?
prevent over inflation of lungs
what does tachypnoea mean?
- high rr
what does bradypnoea mean?
- low rr
what does dyspnoea mean?
- difficulty breathing
what does apnoea mean?
- no breathing
what does cheyne-stokes mean?
- agornal breathing
- after death
what does orthopnoea mean?
- breathing in lateral recumbency
what does paradoxical respiration mean?
- Breathing movements in which the chest wall moves in on inspiration and out on expiration, in reverse of the normal movements
what does hyperpnoea and hypopnoea mean?
- deep or shallow breathing
what is hypovolemic shock?
- caused by a lack of circulating volume
- most common cause is haemorrhage
- tachycardia/pnoea, low bp, pale mm, lethargy
what is distributive shock?
- caused by vasodilation
- causing hypotension despite normal cardiac function
- pyrexia, swelling, increased RR, red mm, rapid CRT
what is cardiogenic shock?
- caused by the inability of the heart to pump
- irregular pulses, brady/tachycardia, orthopnoea, heart murmur
what is obstructive shock?
- occurs when there is a physical impediment to blood flow
- blockage impedes venous return and blood becomes trapped distal to the obstructive meaning
- reduced stroke volume
- reduced cardiac output
- reduced perfusion of tissues
what are some clinical signs of infection?
- erytherma (redness)
- temperature (localised or systemic)
- pain
- exudate
- functional decline (TPR)
what are some behavioural signs of infection?
- self mutilisation
- inappetance
- reluctance to move
what are three types of pain score?
- glasgow composite pain score
- UNESP - botucatu multidimensional composite pain score
- feline grimace scale
what is released when stressed?
cortisol
