Clinical and behavioural indicators

Question 1

what detects changes in blood temperature?

Answer 1

thermosensitive cells in the hypothalmus

Question 2

what are some physiological and behavioural heat loss mechanisms?

Answer 2

• vasodilation
• evaporative heat loss
• lie down/curl up
• piloerection
• vasoconstriction
• shivering

Question 3

what are some temperature changes called?

Answer 3

• pyrexia
• hyperthermia
• hypothermia
• diphasic temperature
• pyrexia unknown origin

Question 4

where is the electrical impulse generated from?

Answer 4

sinoatrial node

Question 5

what is the journey of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 5

• sinoatrial node
• atria
• atrioventricular node
• ventricles
• bundle of his
• purkinje fibres

Question 6

what does tachycardia mean?

Answer 6

• fast hr

Question 7

what does bradycardia mean?

Answer 7

• slow hr

Question 8

what does hypokinetic mean?

Answer 8

• weak hr
• seen in shock

Question 9

what does water hammer mean?

Answer 9

• bounding pulse

Question 10

what does hyperkinetic mean?

Answer 10

• bounding pulse and high bp

Question 11

what does hypertension mean?

Answer 11

• high bp

Question 13

what does a chemoreceptor do?

Answer 13

monitor pH, co2 and o2 in blood

Question 14

what does a stretch receptor do?

Answer 14

prevent over inflation of lungs

Question 15

what does tachypnoea mean?

Answer 15

• high rr

Question 16

what does bradypnoea mean?

Answer 16

• low rr

Question 17

what does dyspnoea mean?

Answer 17

• difficulty breathing

Question 18

what does apnoea mean?

Answer 18

• no breathing

Question 19

what does cheyne-stokes mean?

Answer 19

• agornal breathing
• after death

Question 20

what does orthopnoea mean?

Answer 20

• breathing in lateral recumbency

Question 21

what does paradoxical respiration mean?

Answer 21

• Breathing movements in which the chest wall moves in on inspiration and out on expiration, in reverse of the normal movements

Question 22

what does hyperpnoea and hypopnoea mean?

Answer 22

• deep or shallow breathing

Question 23

what is hypovolemic shock?

Answer 23

• caused by a lack of circulating volume
• most common cause is haemorrhage
• tachycardia/pnoea, low bp, pale mm, lethargy

Question 24

what is distributive shock?

Answer 24

• caused by vasodilation
• causing hypotension despite normal cardiac function
• pyrexia, swelling, increased RR, red mm, rapid CRT

Question 25

what is cardiogenic shock?

Answer 25

• caused by the inability of the heart to pump
• irregular pulses, brady/tachycardia, orthopnoea, heart murmur

Question 26

what is obstructive shock?

Answer 26

• occurs when there is a physical impediment to blood flow
• blockage impedes venous return and blood becomes trapped distal to the obstructive meaning
• reduced stroke volume
• • reduced cardiac output
• reduced perfusion of tissues

Question 27

what are some clinical signs of infection?

Answer 27

• erytherma (redness)
• temperature (localised or systemic)
• pain
• exudate
• functional decline (TPR)

Question 28

what are some behavioural signs of infection?

Answer 28

• self mutilisation
• inappetance
• reluctance to move

Question 29

what are three types of pain score?

Answer 29

• glasgow composite pain score
• UNESP - botucatu multidimensional composite pain score
• feline grimace scale

Question 30

what is released when stressed?

Answer 30

cortisol