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First aid Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of first aid?

A

care that can be carried out by a lay person

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2
Q

what are the aims of first aid?

A
  • relieve pain and suffering
  • preserve life
  • prevent deterioration
  • promote recovery
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3
Q

what law governs first aid?

A

the veterinary surgeons act 1966 - schedule 3

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4
Q

what are the action plan abbreviations?

A

DR ABC
danger, response, airway, breathing, circulation

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5
Q

what should you do when transporting patients?

A
  • support injuries
  • monitor ventilation
  • keep visualisation
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6
Q

what information should we get in an emergency situation?

A
  • capsule history
  • clinical signs
  • timings
  • life threatening?
  • ETA
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7
Q

what is the definition of triage?

A

the assignment of degrees of urgency to wounds or illnesses to decide the order of treatment of a large number of patients or casulties

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8
Q

what are some examples of emergencies that require immediate attention?

A
  • cardiopulmonary arrest
  • airway obstruction
  • unconsciousness
  • dyspnoea
  • GDV
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9
Q

what are some examples of emergencies that require urgent attention?

A
  • conscious collapse
  • fractures/dislocation
  • haemorrhage
  • dystocia
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10
Q

what would it mean if a mm colour was blue?

A

dyspnoea

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10
Q

what are some examples of minor injuries?

A
  • insect stings
  • abscesses
  • minor wounds
  • very minor burns
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11
Q

what would it mean if a mm colour was brick red?

A

congested/toxic

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12
Q

what are the three major body assessments?

A
  • cardiovascular
  • respiratory
  • neurological
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13
Q

what is a secondary survey?

A

a complete check

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14
Q

what are the four types of haemorrhage?

A
  • primary
  • secondary (restarts several days after)
  • reactionary ( restarts within 24hrs bc of high bp displacing clot)
  • interal
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15
Q

what colour is an arterial and capillary bleed?

A

bright red

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16
Q

what colour is a venous bleed?

A

darker, reddish blue

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17
Q

what are the signs of a severe haemorrhage?

A
  • pale mm
  • poor crt
  • rapid pulse
  • rapid rr
  • lethargy
  • cold extremities
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18
Q

what are the three pressure points?

A

femoral
caudal
brachial

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19
Q

what are the signs of a fracture?

A
  • pain/swelling
  • loss of function
  • deformity
  • crepitus
  • unnatural mobility
  • heard a crack
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20
Q

what are the signs of a spinal fracture?

A
  • loss of reflexes
  • loss of deep pain sensation
  • urinary/faecal incontinence
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21
Q

what is a dislocation?

A
  • displacement of bone in joint
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22
Q

what are the signs of a dislocation?

A

swelling
loss of function

23
Q

what does GDV stand for?

A

gastric dilation volvulus

24
what are the signs of a GDV?
- collapse - hypovolaemic shock - distended abdomen - tachycardia - pale mm - hypersalivation - tachypnoea
25
what is a sprain?
injury to synovial joint
26
what is a strain?
injury to a muscle or its tendon of attachment
27
what is hyperthermia?
- heat stroke - excessive rise in temp due to environment
28
how would you treat hyperthermia?
dampen fur fans water cool IV fluids
29
what is hypothermia?
- below normal body temperature
30
how do you treat hypothermia?
- use heat sources - warm IV fluids
31
what is a burn?
caused by dry heat (iron/fire)
32
what is a scald?
caused by wet heat (boiling water/steam)
33
what are the clinical signs of a burn/scald?
- redness and heat - swelling - variable pain - loss of fur - signs of shock
34
what are the degrees of burns/scalds?
- superficial - superficial, partial-thickness - deep dermal, partial- full thickness - deep, full-thickness
35
what are two types of wound dressing for a burn/scald?
- silver sulfadiazine - honey/sugar
36
what are some examples of chemical burns?
- caustic soda - battery acid
37
what are some signs of smoke inhalation?
- cough - dyspnoea - nasal discharge - singed whiskers
38
what are some causes of poisoning?
- accident - overdosing - unusual reaction - malicious poisoning
39
who should you ring when a patient has ingested poison?
Veterinary Poisons Information Service (VPIS)
40
when shouldnt you induce. vomiting?
- caustic or corrosive substance - if the substance was ingested over 4 hrs ago - unconscious patient - dyspnoeic - seizuring patient
41
what is a gastric lavage?
clearing the stomach of ingested material
42
what is an example of an absorbent?
activated charcoal (binds to the poison and prevents further absorption)
43
what does a purge/cathartic do?
stimulate expulsion of the contents of the GI tract
44
what ph are wasp bites and bee stings?
wasp - alkaline bee - acid
45
what are signs of an adder bite?
- swelling - lethargy - fever - tachypnoea
46
what are the two categories of neurological emergencies?
- seizure - a sudden uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain - coma - a state of consciousness from which the patient cannot be roused
47
what are some signs of a seizure?
- urination/ defecation - focal seizures - ataxia (wobbly) - tonic spasms (extension limb spasms)
48
what are some causes of seizures?
- hypocalcaemia (low calcium levels) - uraemia (high urea in blood, due to chronic renal failure)
49
what are some signs of hypocalcaemia?
- restlessness - panting - pyrexic - collapse (IV calcium for treatment)
50
what are some signs of uraemia?
- polydipsia (drinking too much) - weight loss - vomiting - lethargy
51
what are some causes for unconsciousness?
- diseases that affect the CNS (epilepsy and brain trauma) - shock - hyperthermia
52
what is a common cause for a coma?
hypoglycaemia
53
what are some signs of a hypoglycaemic coma?
- mouth and body cold - dullness - lethargy - ataxia (wobbly)
54
what are some causes for shock?
- heart failure - dehydration - infection - bleeding - pain
55
what are some signs of shock?
- pale mm - slow crt - cold extremities

VN03 (19 decks)

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