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VN03 > First aid > Flashcards

First aid Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of first aid?

A

care that can be carried out by a lay person

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2
Q

what are the aims of first aid?

A
  • relieve pain and suffering
  • preserve life
  • prevent deterioration
  • promote recovery
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3
Q

what law governs first aid?

A

the veterinary surgeons act 1966 - schedule 3

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4
Q

what are the action plan abbreviations?

A

DR ABC
danger, response, airway, breathing, circulation

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5
Q

what should you do when transporting patients?

A
  • support injuries
  • monitor ventilation
  • keep visualisation
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6
Q

what information should we get in an emergency situation?

A
  • capsule history
  • clinical signs
  • timings
  • life threatening?
  • ETA
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7
Q

what is the definition of triage?

A

the assignment of degrees of urgency to wounds or illnesses to decide the order of treatment of a large number of patients or casulties

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8
Q

what are some examples of emergencies that require immediate attention?

A
  • cardiopulmonary arrest
  • airway obstruction
  • unconsciousness
  • dyspnoea
  • GDV
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9
Q

what are some examples of emergencies that require urgent attention?

A
  • conscious collapse
  • fractures/dislocation
  • haemorrhage
  • dystocia
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10
Q

what would it mean if a mm colour was blue?

A

dyspnoea

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10
Q

what are some examples of minor injuries?

A
  • insect stings
  • abscesses
  • minor wounds
  • very minor burns
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11
Q

what would it mean if a mm colour was brick red?

A

congested/toxic

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12
Q

what are the three major body assessments?

A
  • cardiovascular
  • respiratory
  • neurological
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13
Q

what is a secondary survey?

A

a complete check

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14
Q

what are the four types of haemorrhage?

A
  • primary
  • secondary (restarts several days after)
  • reactionary ( restarts within 24hrs bc of high bp displacing clot)
  • interal
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15
Q

what colour is an arterial and capillary bleed?

A

bright red

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16
Q

what colour is a venous bleed?

A

darker, reddish blue

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17
Q

what are the signs of a severe haemorrhage?

A
  • pale mm
  • poor crt
  • rapid pulse
  • rapid rr
  • lethargy
  • cold extremities
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18
Q

what are the three pressure points?

A

femoral
caudal
brachial

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19
Q

what are the signs of a fracture?

A
  • pain/swelling
  • loss of function
  • deformity
  • crepitus
  • unnatural mobility
  • heard a crack
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20
Q

what are the signs of a spinal fracture?

A
  • loss of reflexes
  • loss of deep pain sensation
  • urinary/faecal incontinence
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21
Q

what is a dislocation?

A
  • displacement of bone in joint
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22
Q

what are the signs of a dislocation?

A

swelling
loss of function

23
Q

what does GDV stand for?

A

gastric dilation volvulus

24
Q

what are the signs of a GDV?

A
  • collapse
  • hypovolaemic shock
  • distended abdomen
  • tachycardia
  • pale mm
  • hypersalivation
  • tachypnoea
25
Q

what is a sprain?

A

injury to synovial joint

26
Q

what is a strain?

A

injury to a muscle or its tendon of attachment

27
Q

what is hyperthermia?

A
  • heat stroke
  • excessive rise in temp due to environment
28
Q

how would you treat hyperthermia?

A

dampen fur
fans
water
cool IV fluids

29
Q

what is hypothermia?

A
  • below normal body temperature
30
Q

how do you treat hypothermia?

A
  • use heat sources
  • warm IV fluids
31
Q

what is a burn?

A

caused by dry heat (iron/fire)

32
Q

what is a scald?

A

caused by wet heat (boiling water/steam)

33
Q

what are the clinical signs of a burn/scald?

A
  • redness and heat
  • swelling
  • variable pain
  • loss of fur
  • signs of shock
34
Q

what are the degrees of burns/scalds?

A
  • superficial
  • superficial, partial-thickness
  • deep dermal, partial- full thickness
  • deep, full-thickness
35
Q

what are two types of wound dressing for a burn/scald?

A
  • silver sulfadiazine
  • honey/sugar
36
Q

what are some examples of chemical burns?

A
  • caustic soda
  • battery acid
37
Q

what are some signs of smoke inhalation?

A
  • cough
  • dyspnoea
  • nasal discharge
  • singed whiskers
38
Q

what are some causes of poisoning?

A
  • accident
  • overdosing
  • unusual reaction
  • malicious poisoning
39
Q

who should you ring when a patient has ingested poison?

A

Veterinary Poisons Information Service (VPIS)

40
Q

when shouldnt you induce. vomiting?

A
  • caustic or corrosive substance
  • if the substance was ingested over 4 hrs ago
  • unconscious patient
  • dyspnoeic
  • seizuring patient
41
Q

what is a gastric lavage?

A

clearing the stomach of ingested material

42
Q

what is an example of an absorbent?

A

activated charcoal (binds to the poison and prevents further absorption)

43
Q

what does a purge/cathartic do?

A

stimulate expulsion of the contents of the GI tract

44
Q

what ph are wasp bites and bee stings?

A

wasp - alkaline
bee - acid

45
Q

what are signs of an adder bite?

A
  • swelling
  • lethargy
  • fever
  • tachypnoea
46
Q

what are the two categories of neurological emergencies?

A
  • seizure - a sudden uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain
  • coma - a state of consciousness from which the patient cannot be roused
47
Q

what are some signs of a seizure?

A
  • urination/ defecation
  • focal seizures
  • ataxia (wobbly)
  • tonic spasms (extension limb spasms)
48
Q

what are some causes of seizures?

A
  • hypocalcaemia (low calcium levels)
  • uraemia (high urea in blood, due to chronic renal failure)
49
Q

what are some signs of hypocalcaemia?

A
  • restlessness
  • panting
  • pyrexic
  • collapse
    (IV calcium for treatment)
50
Q

what are some signs of uraemia?

A
  • polydipsia (drinking too much)
  • weight loss
  • vomiting
  • lethargy
51
Q

what are some causes for unconsciousness?

A
  • diseases that affect the CNS (epilepsy and brain trauma)
  • shock
  • hyperthermia
52
Q

what is a common cause for a coma?

A

hypoglycaemia

53
Q

what are some signs of a hypoglycaemic coma?

A
  • mouth and body cold
  • dullness
  • lethargy
  • ataxia (wobbly)
54
Q

what are some causes for shock?

A
  • heart failure
  • dehydration
  • infection
  • bleeding
  • pain
55
Q

what are some signs of shock?

A
  • pale mm
  • slow crt
  • cold extremities

VN03 (19 decks)

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