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pediatrics > nutriped > Flashcards

nutriped Flashcards

1
Q

age of child where there is 3-fold increase in weight & 50% increase in length

A

1st year of life

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2
Q

term for intake of a nutrient deemed needed to meet the requirement for that nutrient by most healthy members of the pop’n

A

RDA

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3
Q

this includes RDA and recommendations of the FDA and Food and Nutrition Boards

A

Dietary Reference Intakes

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4
Q

amount of carbohydrates sufficient to prevent ketosis and hypoglycemia

A

5mg/kg/24hr

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5
Q

amino acids essential for low birthweight infants

A

cystine; arginine; taurine

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6
Q

released at the start of breastfeeding; watery; high lactose high protein

A

foremilk

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7
Q

released as feeding progresses until towards the end of feeding; creamy; high fat(5x mor)

A

hind milk

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8
Q

milk released in the first 8 days; watery; protein-rich; high in Ig & lactoferrin & lysozyme; Low fat and low carbs

A

colostrum

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9
Q

bioactive components in human milk

A

maternal sIgA; maternal white cells; lysozyme; milk lipids; oligosaccharides; lactoferrin

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10
Q

component of breastmilk that has anti-inflammatory; antibacterial; and anvtiviral activity

A

lactoferrin

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11
Q

major energy source in breastmilk; ~50% of total calories

A

fat

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12
Q

most abundant fatty acids in breastmilk

A

palmitic acid & oleic acid

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13
Q

essential fatty acid in breastmilk

A

linolenic acid&DHA(essential for rhodopsin); Linoleic acid; arachidonic acid

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14
Q

breastmilk compared to milk formula

A

BM has higher digestibility; better absorption; more membrane lipids; more LCPUFAs

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15
Q

a nitrogen containing carbohydrate that promotes colonization of the gut by lactobacillus bifidus that inhibits colonisation of bacteria

A

bifidus factor

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16
Q

functions in redox reactions; deficiency leads to hypochromic anemia; neutropenis; hypotonia and osteoporosis

A

Copper

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17
Q

oval or triangular spot of keratinized epithelium in the conjunctiva; seen in vitamin A deficiency

A

Bitot’s spot

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18
Q

earliest manifestation of Vit A deficiency

A

nyctalopia

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19
Q

disease of growing bone which occurs in children only before of the epiphysis

A

rickets

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20
Q

horizntal depression along the lower anterior chest due to pulling of the softened ribs by the diaphragm during inspiration in vit D deficiency

A

Harrison groove

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21
Q

valgus deformity of 1 leg with varus deformity of the other leg seen in vit D deficiency

A

Windswept deformity

22
Q

Tx of rickets

A

Vit D 300000-600000 IU orally or IM as 2-4 doses over one day(Stross therapy)

23
Q

RBC hemolysis in premature infants; loss of neural integrity; posterior column and cerebellar dysfxn; pigmentary neuropathy

A

Vitamin E

24
Q

deficieny leads to hemorrhagic disease of the NB

A

Vitamin K

25
Q

vitamin K fxns

A

prothrombin formation; coagulation factors 279X

26
Q

3 D’s of niacin deficiency

A

pellagra(dermatitis; diarrhea; dementia)

27
Q

contraindications to breastfeeding

A

galactosemia; mothers with septicemia;active TB;breast cancer;malaria;substance abuse; severe neurosis or psychosis

28
Q

viruses demonstrated in breastmilk

A

CMV; Rubella; hep B; HTLV1; HSV

29
Q

Reflexes present at birth

A

rooting reflex; sucking reflex; swallowing reflex

30
Q

hormone that stimulates milk secretion by breast alveoli

A

prolactin

31
Q

hormone that stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cells around alveoli

A

oxytocin

32
Q

should milk be refreeze?d?

A

NO

33
Q

up to how many hours can frozen milk that has been thawed be kept in the fridge

A

24hrs

34
Q

when to start weaning

A

begin at 6mos; avoid allergenic foods; introduce food one at a time; give iron-containing food; encourage zinc intake

35
Q

introduced as additional foods; includes milk formula

A

complimentary food

36
Q

additional foods aside from milk formula

A

replacement foods

37
Q

why are new foods spaced 3-4days in introducing food to infants

A

to detect adverse reactions

38
Q

infantile atrophy/inanition; loss of skin turgor; wrinkled loose skin; disappearance of subcutaneous fat

A

marasmus

39
Q

treatment of marasmus

A

normalize diet based on IBW

40
Q

protein-calorie malnutrition; principal symptoms are due to insufficient intake of protein of good biologic value

A

kwashiorkor

41
Q

term for streaky red or gray hair in dark-haired children seen in kwashiorkor

A

hypochromtrichia

42
Q

most characteristic change in kwashiorkor

A

decreased serum albumin

43
Q

management of kwashiorkor

A

appropriate antibiotics for bacterial infxns; correct dehydration; oral or NG feeding with small; frequent feeds of dilute milk

44
Q

describes children less than 3 years of age who grow at less than 5th percentile in the growth chart; have growth patterns that cross two major percentiles on the growth chart within 6 months; have growth velocity less than normal for age

A

failure to thrive

45
Q

formula to calculate caloric needs

A

((120kcal/kg) x (ideal wt for ht in kg))/actual wt in kg

46
Q

first predictors of obesity

A

high BW; overweight children; parental obesity

47
Q

leading cause of pediatric hypertension

A

obesity

48
Q

hypertension; glucose intolerance; hypertriglyceridemia; low HDL; abdominal central obesity

A

metabolic syndrome

49
Q

rare complication of extereme exogenous obesity in w/c patients have severe cardiorespiratory distress and alveolar hypoventilation & a decrease in pulmonary; tidal; and expiratory reserve volumes

A

Pickwikian syndrome

50
Q

Polycythemia; hypoxemia; cyanosis; cardiac enlargement; CHF; somnolence

A

Pickwikian syndrome

51
Q

Aim in the treatment of obesity

A

halt weight not weight loss (weight maintenance)

pediatrics (16 decks)

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