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pediatrics > GIped > Flashcards

GIped Flashcards

1
Q

most common type of esophageal atresia

A

Type A(87%; EA and distal TEF)

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2
Q

frothing and bubbling at the mouth and nose; cough; cyanosis; respiratory distress; feeding exacerbates symptoms

A

TEF

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3
Q

Dx of TEF

A

inability to pass an NGT or OGT in the NB is suggestive

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4
Q

Management of TEF

A

maintain patent airway; prone position; esophageal suctioning; surgical ligation of TEF and primary end-to-end anastomosis of the esophagus

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5
Q

most common esophageal disorder in children of all ages

A

GERD

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6
Q

major mechanism in GERD allowing reflux to occur

A

transient LES relaxation

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7
Q

main stimulus for transient LES relaxation

A

gastric distension (straining; coughing; large volume or hyperosmolar agents)

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8
Q

Dx of GERD

A

Barium study of esophagus and upper GIT; esophageal pH monitoring; endoscopy; Radionuclide scintigraphy with Tc

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9
Q

Management of GERD

A

conservative therapy; lifetstyle modification

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10
Q

management for intractable GERD

A

fundoplication

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11
Q

physiologic strictures in the esophagus

A

cricoid cartilage; tracheal bifurcation; EG junction

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12
Q

type of necrosis caused by liquid alkali

A

liquefaction necrosis

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13
Q

type necrosis caused by acidic agents

A

coagulative necrosis

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14
Q

management of caustic ingestion

A

upper endoscopy; dilution by water/milk; surgical resection

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15
Q

intrinsic causes of intestinal obstruction

A

atresia; stenosis; meconium ileus; aganglionic megacolon

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16
Q

extrinsin causes of intestinal obstruction

A

malrotation; constricting bands; intra-abdominal hernias; duplications

17
Q

classic symptoms of intestinal obstruction

A

nausea/vomiting; abdominal distention; obstipation

18
Q

most common cause of nonbilious vomiting

A

pyloric stenosis

19
Q

firm; moveable; olive-shaped mass; visible gastric peristaltic wave after feeding

A

pyloric stenosis

20
Q

bulge on the pyloric muscle into the antrum in barium study of pyloric stenosis

A

shoulder sign

21
Q

streaks of barium in the narrowed channel in pyloric stenosis

A

double tract sign

22
Q

diagnostic tests for pyloric stenosis

A

UTZ is confirmatory(pylorus>4mm or length >14mm; barium studies

23
Q

Tx for pyloric stenosis

A

Ramstedt pyloromyotomy

24
Q

twisting of a loop of intestine around its mesenteric attachment site (usually sigmoid and cecum)

A

volvulus

25
Q

triad of volvulus

A

Sudden onset of severe epigastric pain; inability to pass a tube in the stomach; retching with emesis

26
Q

bird’s beak sign; inverted U sign; coffee bean sign

A

volvulus

27
Q

Tx of volvulus

A

derotation and decompression; laparoscopic derotation or laparatomy +/- bowel resection

pediatrics (16 decks)

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