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pediatrics > hemaped > Flashcards

hemaped Flashcards

1
Q

causes of microcytic anemia

A

(TAILS) Thalassemia; Anemia of chronic dse; Iron deficiency; Lead poisoning; sideroblastic anemia

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2
Q

causes of normocytic anemia

A

anemia of chronic dse; uremia; hypothyroidism; bone marrow failure(aplastic anemia)

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3
Q

causes of macrocytic anemia

A

folate deficiency; vit B12 deficiency; drug and alcohol-induced anemia

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4
Q

anemia caused by failure or autoimmune destruction of myeloid stem cells

A

aplastic anemia

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5
Q

viruses that cause aplastic anemia

A

parvovirus B19; hepatitis viruses; HIV; Epstein-Barr virus

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6
Q

causes of aplastic anemia

A

idiopathic; viruses; alklylating and antimetabolite agents; chloramphenicol; insecticides; benzene; radiation

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7
Q

typical peripheral blodd smear findings in aplastic anemia

A

hypocellularity and pancytopenia

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8
Q

aplastic anemia with microcephaly; microphthalmia; hearing loss; limb anomalies(absent radii and thumbs)

A

Fanconi’s anemia

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9
Q

aka Diamond-Blackfan syndrome or congenital hypoplastic anemia

A

pure red cell aplasia

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10
Q

absence of erythrocyte precursor cells on bone marrow aspirate

A

pure red cell aplasia

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11
Q

most important sign in iron deficiency anemia

A

pallor

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12
Q

clinical manifestations in iron deficiency anemia

A

asymptomatic; lethargic; irritable; pale; easily fatigued; high output cardiac failure; koilonychia(spoon nails); pica

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13
Q

low retic count; microcytic; hypochromic RBC’s; high RDW; low serum iron and ferritin; high TIBC

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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14
Q

due to decrease in alpha-globulin chain synthesis; dec retic count; microcytic; hypochromic; normal RDW; taget cells; Heinz bodies on PBS

A

alpha thalassemia

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15
Q

no beta-globin production; anemia at 6mos; splenomegaly;extramedullary hematopoiesis

A

Beta-thalassemia major(Cooley’s anemia)

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16
Q

asymptomatic carriers of beta-thalassemia gene; mild or no anemia

A

Beta-thalassemia minor

17
Q

definitive diagnosis of thalassemias

A

Hb electrophoresis

18
Q

etiologies of hemolytic anemias

A

intrinsic RBC defects; autoimmune destruction; intravascular destruction

19
Q

defect in membrane spectrin or ankyrin

A

spherocytosis

20
Q

confirmatory test for spherocytosis

A

osmotic fragility test

21
Q

curative treatment to spherocytosis

A

splenectomy

22
Q

lack of enzyme needed by RBC to defend against oxidative stress leading to RBC destruction

A

G6PD deficiency

23
Q

typical PBS finding in G6PD deficiency

A

Heinz cells; blister cells; bite cells; ghost cells (implying intravascular hemolytic anemia)

24
Q

triggers of G6PD deficiency

A

FPAINNS Fava beans; Primaquine; ASA; Isoniazid; NSAIDS; Nitrofurantoin; Sulfa drugs

25
Q

episodes of painful crisis due to hypoxic tissue injury from microvascular occlusions

A

sickle cell dse

26
Q

radiologic findings in sickle cell dse

A

new bone formation on the external aspect of the skull (Crew cut or Hair on end appearanceon the skull radiographs)

27
Q

definitive diagnosis in sickle cell dse

A

HbS on Hb electrophoresis

28
Q

autoimmune platelet destruction; most common cause of thrombocytopenic purpura in children

A

ITP

29
Q

five cardinal symptoms of TTP

A

FAT RN Fever; Anemia; Thrombocytopenia; Renal dysfunction; Nervous system damages

30
Q

due to an acquired deficiency of a metaloproteinase (ADAMTS 13) that is responsible for cleaving the high molecular weight multimers of vWf

A

TTP

31
Q

X-linked recessive deficiencies of Factor VIII or Factor IX

A

Hemophilia

32
Q

Dx of hemophilia

A

normal BT PC and PT; prolonged PTT; decreased factor levels

33
Q

most common inherited bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand disease

34
Q

treatment of mild bleeding in type I vWd

A

Desmopressin(causes release of vWf from endothelial stores)

35
Q

Tx for severe vWd

A

Factor VIII concentrates which contain high vWf Ag

pediatrics (16 decks)

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