immunoped Flashcards
organ that develops and maintains peripheral lymphoid tissues
thymus
2 major functions of thymus
maturation of precursor T-lymphocytes; induction of immunocompetence
when are T cells first detected in the thymus
7th-8th week AOG
site of immune response generation
lymph nodes
organ vital for immune responses to blood-borne antigens and acts as waste disposal system
spleen
where is MALT found
Peyer’s patches in the SI; lymphoid follicles in the appendix; tonsils in the pharynx; submucosal lymphoid tissue throughout the upper airways and bronchi
T-cell that kill microorganism by direct action on their surfaces
CD8+ or suppressor/cytotoxic cells
nonphagocytic cells that perform antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity
NK cells
protein that creates pores on cell membranes of target cells resulting in lysis
cytolysin
first line of defense against neonatal herpes virus infection
NK cells
time it takes for a PMN to mature from a myeloblast
14 days
term for migration toward site of microbial invasion
chemotaxis
contains granules with major basic protein that are toxic for helminths
eosinophils
effectors of immediate hypersensitivity that carry Fc receptors for IgE
mast cells and basophils
humoral elements
Ig; complement; cytokines; ab produced by B cells and plasma cells
largest Ig; earliest antibody in response to an Ag
IgM
most abundant Ig; can traverse the placental barrier
IgG
Ig synthesized in the submucosa of the respiratory GIT and exretory glands
IgA
Ig predominantly found on the human B lymphocytes like IgM; responsible for differentiation of B cell
IgD
Ig less than 10% of the serum; role in parasitic infxn and allergic rxn
IgE
main fxn is to mediate inflammatory processes and facilitate ingestion of opsonizing pathogens for phagocytosis
complement
complements common to both to classical and alternative pathways
C5-C9
main anaphylatoxins that provoke inflammation
C3a and C5A
complement that has a role in opsonization
C3b and C5b
acts as binding sites and signal transducers for interacting cells; aka phenotypic markers/MHC
Human Leukocyte antigens
cell surface proteins that identifiy a particular cell lineage; transduce signals that lead to ymphocyte activation; recognized by monoclonal antibodies; promote cell to cell interaction and adhesion
cluster differentiation(CD) antigen
due to release of mediators like histamine leukotriene serotonin after activation by allegens of specific cells(mast and basophils)
Type I (immediate hypersensitivity)
Type I rxns
asthma; allergic rhinitis; anaphylaxis
Ab bind to Ag and the immune complex formed activates complement leading to formation of MAC eventually leading to cell lysis
Type II (cytotoxic rxn)
Type II rxns
hemolytic dse; eryhtroblastosis fetalis; graft rejection; chronic keratitis; Goodpastures; blood transfusion rxn; ITP
Type III (immune-complex mediated) rxns
PSGN; serum sickness; RA; SLE; SJS; PAN
Ag deposited at local site initiate rxn from sensitized T-cells capable of destroying tissues or target cells
Type IV (delayed hypersensitivity)
Type IV rxns
PPD test; contact allergic dermatitis; syphilis; leprosy
dse characterized by a block in the dev’t of pre-B cell to B cell due to a defect in the heavy chain gene rearrangement; low or absent Ig’s; few or abseB cells
X-linked/Bruton’s dse agammaglobulinemia
increased susceptibility to viral; fungal; and protozal infxn; aberrant thymus; low lymphocyte count; abnormal facies; hypothyroidism; congenital heart dse
DiGeorge Syndrome (CATCH-22)
selective defect in cell mediated immunity with susceptibility to chronic candida infection of the skin and mucous membranes; 50% are due to deficiency of adenosine deaminase
Severe Combine Immunodeficiency Disorder
when to suspect immunodeficiency
1 or more systemic bacterial infxn(sepsis; meningitis); 2 or more resp or documented bac infxn w/in 1 year; serious infxns occurring at unusual sites(liver; brain abscess); infxns with unusual pathogens; infxns with common childhood pathogens but of unusual severity
defect in X linked hyper-IgM syndrome
deficiency of CD40L on activated T cell
defect in transient agammaglobulinemia
delayed onset of maturation of normal IgG
defective response in bacterial polysaccharide and depressed IgM; gradual loss of humoral and immune response; thrombocytopenia and eczema
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
deficiency in NADPH oxidase; recurrent infxn with CATALASE POSITIVE bacteria
chronic granulomatous disease
absence of CD18(common B chain of leukocyte integrin); Leukocytosis; failure to form pus; delay in umbilical cord sloughing
Leukocyte adhesion defect
granule structural defect; recurrent bacterial infxn; partial albinism
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
deficiency in TNF-gamma; coarse facies; cold abscess; inc IgE
Job’s Syndrome
screening tests for humoral diseases
serum IgA; antibody titers to vaccines
screening test for cell mediated diseases
candida skin test
screening test for macrophage diseases
nitroblue tetrazolium test; respiratory burst array
screening test for complement disease
CH50
allergic rhinitis that follows sensitization to wind-borne pollens of trees grasses &weeds; prevalence increases with age
seasonal AR
