Nutrients & Feedstuff

Question 1

Nutrition

Answer 1

*Study of how body uses nutrients in feed to sustain life and for productive purposes
*50%-80% of total cost in livestock production is feed related

Question 2

Nutrient

Answer 2

*Component of feed that aids in the support of life

Question 3

Feed

Answer 3

*Any material, after ingestion by the animal, is capable of being digested, absorbed and utilized
*Not all feed is utilized

Question 4

Components of Animal Feed

Answer 4

*Water
*Dry Matter
*Inorganic Matter (minerals)
*Organic Matter
carbohydrates (digestible/undigestible)
lipids (fats)
proteins
vitamins

Question 5

What is the most important component in feed?

Answer 5

Water

Question 6

Functions of water

Answer 6

• transport of nutrients and metabolic waste
  *chemical reactions
  *regulation of body temperature

Question 7

Water Sources

Answer 7

*drinking water
* water in feed
* metabolic water

Question 8

Routes of Water Loss

Answer 8

• urine
• feces
• vaporization from lungs and dissipation through the skin
• sweat through sweat glands

Question 9

What factors affect water intake?

Answer 9

*Temperature
*Feed Type (greens)
* Pasture
*Water Type (Be clean)
* Stage of Production (lactation is highest)

Question 10

Proetin

Answer 10

• Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen
  *structure of proteins (composed of amino acids)
  *EXPENSIVE
• the need declines with age

true growth, protein decreases

Question 11

How many amino acids are essential?

Answer 11

10
*arginine (pets)
*lysine (pigs)

Question 12

High quality proteins

Answer 12

*Complete balance of essential AA
* Animal Protein is HIGH in quality
*Plant protein are NOT ALWAYS high in quality

Question 13

UndUndegradeable Protein

Answer 13

*wider array of AA
* no limiting AA
*more efficient growth
* we use energy to break It down

Question 14

Lipids (Fat)

Answer 14

*hydrophobic molecules that contain Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

Question 15

Structure of Fatty Acid

Answer 15

*glyceral backbone with one, two, or three fatty acids attached by an ester linkage
monoglyceride 1
diglyceride 2
triglyceride 3

Question 16

How many carbons do fatty acids have?

Answer 16

2-24

Question 17

Saturated have…

Answer 17

NO double bonds between carbons

Question 18

What has the greatest energy density?

Answer 18

Fat

Question 19

VFA’s

Answer 19

Three fatty acids are end products of carbohydrate digestion in ruminant
*produced by microbial fermentation
*energy source for ruminants

Question 20

How many carbons is Acetic Acid?

Answer 20

2 carbons

Question 21

How many carbons is Prpoinic Acid?

Answer 21

3 carbons

Question 22

How many carbons is Butyric Acids (4 carbons)

Answer 22

4 carbons

Question 23

Carbohydrates

Answer 23

*Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
*formed by photosynethis in plants
grass/corn/wheats/oats/grains

Question 24

What do monogastrics need?

Answer 24

glucose

Question 25

Monosaccharides

Answer 25

glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose

Question 26

Simple Carbohydrates

Answer 26

alpha linkage of glucose molecules

Question 27

Amylose

Answer 27

*plant starch
bacteria can break down

Question 28

Glycogen

Answer 28

*animal starch

Question 29

Complex Carbohydrates

Answer 29

beta linkage of glucose molecules

Question 30

Bacteria/Rumen Microbes can break down

Answer 30

amylose, cellulose, and hemicellulose