Female Repro Flashcards
Estrous
Reproductive cycle in females tat are of an estrual species (bovine, ovine, porcine, caprine, canine, feline) RECEPTIVE TO MALE
Estrus or Heat
Period of time in which a female is sexually receptive to the male for purposes of mating (one cycle/period ti the next)
Anestrous Period
Time when a female is not in estrus (non breeding season/without cycling)
Estrus Synchronization
Controlling estrous cycle so that high % of females in the herd express estrus
Clone
individual grown from a single somatic cell of its parent and genetically identical to it
A.I.
Artificial Insemination (common technique used reproductive biology that involves placing semen into repro tract of the female by artificial techniques rather than natural mating
E.T.
Abbreviation for embryo transfer, which is a procedure used to transfer embryos from a donor female to a group of recipient females
Haploid
Half the normal number of chromosomes (found in sperm and ova)
Open
Non pregnant femalesFe
utility
Capacity to initiate, sustain, ad support reproduction
Dystocia
Difficult birth, intervention required
Vulva
- female organ of copulation
*birth canal
*passageway for urine - receptor for penis during copulation
- expands at parturition
Vagina/Cervix
- tissue is keratinized (protective secretion against lubrication )
- provides barriers
*bacteriostatic - cervix is rigged due to tissue change
Functions of Vagine
- copulatory organ
- formic vagina (site of semen deposition (cow/ewe)
- no glands (secretions come from passage of plasma components
- provides lubrication
- ph is acetic (5.7)
*stimulates glans penis of bull
Functions of Cervix
- composed of cartilage surrounded by soft tissue
- openings are the external or internal Os
- passageway for sperm following breeding
- secretes mucous, seals off uterus during pregnancy
- passageway of fetus
- species specific configuration (rings, spiral, or folds)
How many annular rings does a cow have?
4-5
Uterus
*Organ of pregnancy
* womb
* incubator for fertilized ovum, nutrients to ovum
* acids travel of sperm
* secretory organ
Uterine Horne
- has two horns or branches and a single body
- shape differs between species
- PGF 2x ruminants
Functions of Uterus
- transport sperm
- muscle contractions
- sperm motility
- absorption and phagocytosis
- partially prepare sperm for fertilization
*provides environment for embryo
*supports fetus development - fetus expelled at birth
*recovers from pregnancy
If not pregnant…
Uterine endometrium releases Prostaglandin (PGF) to cause the CL to regress (corpus luteum)
if pregnant…
Embryo provides a chemical signal (Interferon Tau) which allows the CL to be maintained
Oviduct
*connects the ovary to the uterus
* three different regions
1. infundibulum (surrounds ovary)
2. Ampulla (transports oocyte)
3. Isthmus (transports sperm)
4. Ampulla Isthmus Junction (AlJ) site of fertilization
