Digestion Flashcards
Volitle Fatty Acid (VFA)
Absorbed from rumen wall
What is digestion?
- the breaking down process of food to allow absorption
- mechanical, chemical, microbial
- stomach hydrochloric acid
Monogastric
- one stomach
- humans & swine
Modified Mono-gastric
- single stomach but specialized components that aid in digestion
- horses & birds
Ruminants
- more than one stomach compartment
- sheep, cattle, goats, llamas
What is important to ruminants?
Nitrogen
Monogastric tract
Ruminant Tract
What is ph/acidity of rumen?
6.8
How many days does it take for a fully functioning rumen?
60 days
Cecum
Fatty acids
Colic
Small intestine is twisted
Founder?
Hoof wall rotates due to ph
What is the passage rate of a Monogastric (hours)
- 8-12 hours
Ruminants
- 96-120 hours
- occurs 6-8 hours a day
What does the mouth do?
- secretes from salivary glands
- water, mucin, bio carbonate salts
Water
- moistens the feed and aids in taste
Mucin
- lubrication aid for swallowing
Bicarbonate Salts
- act as a buffer to regulate stomach ph
What are the mouth differences
- swine (secretion of salivary amylase
- ruminants (no enzymes are secreted. provides source of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium)
- cows need grass
Deamination Reaction
- cut bond
Esophagus
- ingested material moves via muscular contractions known as peristaltic waves
Acidosis
- ph drops from 6.8 to 4.8, kills/damages lining escapes
Esophagus differences
- horse (only one way peristaltic waves
- ruminants, two way movements that allow for regurgitation of bolus for chewing of cud (esophageal groove)
Renin
- starts digestion
Compartments of Ruminant Stomach
Reticulum 5%
Rumen 80%
Omasum 7-8%
Abomasum 8-9 %
Where is nitrogen collected in urea?
Urea
Reticulum
- honeycomb
- not completely separated from rumen
- walls are lined with mucus membrane containing many intersecting ridges which subdivide the surface
Rumen
- large muscular compartment which extends from the diaphragm to the pelvis and nearly fills the left side of the abdominal cavity in the large dairy cow
- fermentation
- walls of rumen lined with papillae secrete no enzymes
Rumen Functions
- storage
- soaking
- physical mixing and breakdown
- bacterial synthesis of water soluble vitamins
Rumen & Microbes
Rumen provides bacteria
* warm, moist, dark anaerobic conditions
* ph is 6.8
* substrate
Bacteria Provides
- VFA, microbial cp, vitamin K, Vitamins B, combine nitrogen from dietary protein or non protein N source with carbon skeleton
VFA’S
- propionate (energy glucose, higher in grain fed animals)
- acetate (high in grazing)
- butyrate ( no change)
- not utilized effectively in swine and horses because of location of synthesis
