Environmental Physiology Flashcards
1
Q
Adaptation
A
- long term changes in animals in response to their environment that they are genetically based
2
Q
Acclimation
A
- process or result of becoming accustomed to a new climate or to a new condition (short term)
3
Q
Critical Temperature
A
- temperature below critical temperature which an animal must make physiological adjustments to maintain body temp
- upper critical temperature: animal makes adjustments to cool body
- burns energy to stay warm and cool
4
Q
Effective Temperature
A
- total heating or cooling power of environment
- effected by wind, humidity, and solar radiation
5
Q
Evaporation
A
- loss of heat through vaporization of moisture from respiratory tract and skin
6
Q
Homeotherm
A
- animals maintain relatively constant body temperature regardless of external temperatures
7
Q
Radiation
A
- exchange of heat between two objects that are not touching (loss or gain of heat)
8
Q
Thermoneutral Zone
A
- range of temperature where heat loss and heat production are about the same (comfort zone/no physiological response)
9
Q
Which four factors affect critical temperature?
A
- Hair coat
- Subcutaneous fat
- Nutritional Level
- Animal Wet or dry
10
Q
What are the two hormonal responses to temperature stress?
A
- Thyroxine
- Corticoids
11
Q
What is thyroxine?
A
- hormone produced by thyroid gland, thyroxine secretion increases during cold stress and decreases during heat stress
12
Q
What is corticoids?
A
- corticoids is a stress hormone produced by the adrenal gland, cortical secretions increase during cold sorters and decrease during heat stress
13
Q
What are the two methods of reducing stress during hot periods?
A
- Shade (cheapest, simplest, should be 10-12 high,placed on hill, top should be white or shine/reflective)
- Evaporative Cooling (one of the most effective ways to control heat stress, especially in swine and poultry, includes sprinklers/foggers/wallows)
14
Q
What are the two methods of reducing stress during hot periods?
A
- Shade (cheapest, simplest, should be 10-12 high,placed on hill, top should be white or shine/reflective)
- Evaporative Cooling (one of the most effective ways to control heat stress, especially in swine and poultry, includes sprinklers/foggers/wallows)
15
Q
Refrigeration
A
- prohibitive in terms of cost
- pulling air through underground ducts in barn which cools air to mid 60’s
