Nursing Management of Pregnancy at Risk: Pregnancy-Related Complications Flashcards
abortion
the loss of an early pregnancy, usually before week 20 of gestation.
abruptio placentae
The premature separation of a normally implanted placenta after the 20th week of gestation prior to birth, which leads to hemorrhage..
eclampsia
Onset of seizure activity in a woman with preeclampsia. Magnesium Sulfate given
What is the biggest risk in spontaneous abortion?.
Hemorrhage, 15-20 % of all pregnancies
ectopic pregnancy
any pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum implants outside the uterine cavity. Occurs 6-8 weeks after missed menses. HcG Levels will be lower.
gestational hypertension
Blood pressure elevation (140/90 mm Hg) identified after 20 weeks’ gestation without proteinuria. Blood pressure returns to normal by 12 weeks’ postpartum. No protein in urine.
gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD)
a spectrum of neoplastic disorders that originate in the placenta.
high-risk pregnancy
a condition exists that jeopardizes the health of the mother, her fetus, or both.
polyhydramnios
hydramnios, is a condition in which there is too much amniotic fluid (more than 2,000 mL) surrounding the fetus between 32 and 36 weeks. fetal anomalies of development such as upper gastrointestinal obstruction or atresias, neural tube defects, and anterior abdominal-wall defects, together with impaired swallowing in fetuses with chromosomal anomalies, such as trisomy 13 and 18
hyperemesis gravidarum
dehydration, weight loss, electrolyte imbalance, and the need for hospitalization. persistent, uncontrollable nausea and vomiting that begins in the first trimester and causes dehydration, ketosis, and weight loss of more than 5% of prepregnancy body weight.
Usually results in increased hCG.
multiple gestation
as a pregnancy with two or more fetuses.. This includes twins, triplets, and higher-order multiples such as quadruplets.
oligohydramnios
decreased amount of amniotic fluid (less than 500 mL) between 32 and 36 weeks’ gestation.
placenta accreta
when the placenta invades the myometrium, and placenta percreta, when it has extended through the myometrium and uterine serosa and adjacent tissue. Potentially life-threatening obstetrical hemorrhagic condition.
placenta previa
The placenta implants over the cervical os. Bleeding condition that occurs during the last two trimesters of pregnancy.
preeclampsia
most common hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, which develops with proteinuria after 20 weeks’ gestation. It is a multisystem disease process, which is classified as mild or severe, depending on the severity of the organ dysfunction..
premature rupture of membranes (PROM)
the rupture of the bag of waters before the onset of true labor..
preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM)
which is defined as rupture of membranes prior to the onset of labor in a woman who is less than 37 weeks’ gestation..
When mom is Rh negative, and dad is Rh positive, what is the most important medicine for mom to receive?
Rhogam
How is a threatened abortion diagnosed?
Vaginal ultrasound to confirm if sac is empty Declining maternal serum hCG and progesterone levels to provide additional information about viability of pregnancy.
Do an STI test to determine cause.
What assessment findings will you find in a threatened abortion?
Vaginal bleeding (often slight) early in a pregnancy No cervical dilation or change in cervical consistency Mild abdominal cramping Closed cervical os No passage of fetal tissue
What is the diagnosis of a missed abortion?
Ultrasound to identify products of conception in uterus
What are the assessment findings of a missed abortion?
Absent uterine contractions
Irregular spotting
Possible progression to inevitable abortion
What is the diagnosing and assessment findings of a habitual abortion?
Validation via client’s history.
History of three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions
Not carrying the pregnancy to viability or term
What happens to hCG levels when a patient has Choriocarcinoma?
They go up and no fetal heart beat can be detected even though other pregnancy symptoms are pregnant.
Cervical insufficiency
also called premature dilation of the cervix, describes a weak, structurally defective cervix that spontaneously dilates in the absence of uterine contractions in the second trimester, or early third trimester, resulting in the loss of the pregnancy
placenta increta
When the placenta invades the myometrium.
Chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia:
Occurs in approximately 20% of pregnant women with increased maternal and fetal morbidity rates
IUGR (hint:pregnancy)
intrauterine growth restriction
How is Magnesium sulfate given for severe preeclampsia?
A loading dose of 4 to 6 g is given over 5 minutes. Then, a maintenance dose of 2 g/hr is given. Calcium gluconate is antidote for toxicity. If seizure occurs, keep patient in a left side-lying position and clear and maintain airway.
HELLP
Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelet count.
liver enzymes such as lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), ALT, and AST; chemistry panel, such as creatinine, BUN, uric acid, and glucose; CBC, including platelet count; coagulation studies, such as PT, PTT, fibrinogen, and bleeding time; and a 24-hour urine collection for protein and creatinine clearance
Jaundice cause in babies
immature liver, liver is overwhelmed and the liver cannot process
