Numbers of things topics 1-6 Flashcards by Pamela Keegan

Four extrinsic tongue muscles:

Genioglossus Hyoglossus Styloglossus Palatoglossus

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Four intrinsic tongue muscles

Superior longitudinal

Inferior longitudinal

transverse and vertical

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Three regions of the pharynx

nasopharynx

oropharynx

laryngopharynx

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Seven mobile articulators:

larynx, pharynx, mandible, lips, tongue, cheeks, velum.

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Three constrictor muscles of the pharynx:

superior

middle

inferior

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Two faucial pillars (and their underlying muscles):

anterior faucial pillar = palatalglossus,

post faucial pillar = palatopharyngeus

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Five muscles of the soft palate:

Tensor veli palatini, which is involved in swallowing.
Palatoglossus, involved in swallowing.
Palatopharyngeus, involved in breathing.
Levator veli palatini, involved in swallowing.
Uvular, which moves the uvula.

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Three common vocal registers:

modal (normal), fry (fake sick), falsetto (singing)

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Three paired cartilages of the larynx.

Arytenoid, corniculate, cunieform.

Four if you include triticial.

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One bone not attached to any other bone:

Hyoid

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Three unpaired cartilages of the larynx:

thyroid, cricoid, epiglottus

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Four suprahyoid muscles:

Digastric, Stylohyoid, Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid

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Four infrahyoid muscles:

Sternothyroid, Sternohyoid, Omohyoid, Thyrohyoid

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Five intrinsic laryngeal muscles (or six, depending on how you count them)

Cricothyroid muscle lengthen and tense the vocal folds.

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles abduct and externally rotate the arytenoid cartilages, resulting in abducted vocal folds.

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles adduct and internally rotate the arytenoid cartilages, increase medial compression.

Transverse arytenoid muscle adduct the arytenoid cartilages, resulting in adducted vocal folds.[2]

Oblique arytenoid muscles narrow the laryngeal inlet by constricting the distance between the arytenoid cartilages.

Thyroarytenoid muscles – sphincter of vestibule, narrowing the laryngeal inlet, shortening the vocal folds, and lowering voice pitch. The internal thyroarytenoid is the portion of the thyroarytenoid that vibrates to produce sound.

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Two immobile articulators

Teeth, hard palate.

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Two muscles involved in the control of vocal pitch

cricothyroid, thyroarytenoid

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Eleven muscles of facial expression (listed in your module booklet)

Obicularis Oris,

Rissorius,

Buccinator,

Depressor anguli oris,

Depressor labii inferioris,

mentalis,

platysma,

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi,

levitor labii superioris.

Zygomatic minor, Zygomatic major

(12 if you count levitor anguli oris)

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Five major branches of the facial nerve (VII)

Temporal

Zygomatic

Buccal

Mandibular

Cervical

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Four paranasal sinuses

frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, ethmoid

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Three types of vocal attack

breathy, glottal, simultaneous

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Five possible movements at the TMJ:

depression, elevation ,deviation ,protraction, retraction

Two branches of the vagus (X) nerve supplying the larynx:

Recurrant laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal nerve

Three salivary glands

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

Five cranial nerves involved in innervation of the tongue in some way:

V (5) Trigeminal (Facial muscles incl. chewing; Facial sensations)

VII (7) Facial (Taste, tears, saliva, facial expressions)

IX(9) Glossopharyngeal (Swallowing, saliva, taste)

XII (12) Hypoglossal (Tongue muscles - speech & swallowing)

plus pharyngeal plexus

Three stages of phonation:

onset (adduction), sustained, termination (abduction)

Three ligaments of the TMJ:

stylomandibular, sphenomendibular, lateral tempomandibular ligament

Three muscles that elevate the pharynx

(salpingopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus, palatoglossus)

Six key aspects or parts of the mandible:

condyle, coronoid, notch, angle, ramus, body

Four muscles of mastication:

(mass, temp, lat & med ptery)

Four phases of swallowing

= oral prep, oral, pharyngeal, oesophag

Eight bones of the cranium:

frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, 2 parietal, 2 temporal

Fourteen bones of the facial skeleton:

mandible, vomer, 2 lacrimal, 2 nasal, 2 maxillary, 2 zygo, 2 palatine, 2 inferior nasal conchae

Two types of joints in the skull:

(synovial, suture)

Twelve cranial nerves:

OOO TTAF VGVAH

Three sets of tonsils

lingual, palatine and pharyngeal

Two types of pleurae

(visceral, parietal)

Three cranial nerves making up the pharyngeal plexus

(Glossopharyngeal IX, vagus X, Accessory XI)

Two types of sensory information from the tongue:

taste and general

Six joints of the thoracic wall (if you count the intervertebral discs):

costovertebral, costotransverse, sternocostal, sternoclavicular, costochondral, interchondral.

Three movements of the thoracic wall:

vertical, Anterior-Posterior, mediolateral.

Eight key muscles of the thoracic wall concerned with respiration (module booklet):

1. Diaphragm 2. External Intercostal 3. Internal Intercostal 4. Sternocleidomastoid 5. Scalenes 6. Serratus Posterior Superior 7. Serratus Posterior Inferior 8. Pectoral girdle muscles

The two main joints in the larynx:

cricothyroid, cricoarytenoid

Two pterygoid muscles:

lateral and medial

Two key divisions of the tongue for innervation purposes (not counting motor) –

ant 2/3 and post 1/3

Four _major branches_ of the **external carotid artery**, that supply structures in the face/head we are concerned with in this subject. (And can you name a structure that each branch supplies?)

* **Lingual** artery – supplies the tongue and associated structures; * **Facial** artery – supplies the muscles and skin of the face; * **Maxillary** artery – supplies the temporomandibular joint and associated structures; and * **Superficial temporal** artery – supplies skin and superficial structures of the cranium.

Ten key foramina of the skull we are concerned with in this subject:

* Foramen magnum * Carotid canal * External acoustic (auditory) meatus * Internal acoustic (auditory) meatus * Foramen ovale * Foramen rotundum * Stylomastoid foramen * Jugular foramen * Superior orbital fissure * Hypoglossal canal.

Which lung has 3 lobes and which one has 2? Name the lobes for each.

R = superior, middle, inferior lobes. L = superior, inferior

Four key parts of a rib:

head, tubercle, angle, body

Three types of ribs:

true (1-7), false (8-10), floating (11-12)

Seven muscles (or sets of) that can be involved in inspiration:

1. **diaphram** primarily, 2. **external intercostal** muscles (increase transverse and anterior/posterior thoracic dimensions); 3. **scalenes** (increase vertical thoracic dimension); 4. **levator costarum**; 5. **serratus posterior superior**; 6. **sternocleidomastoid** 7. **pectoral girdle** muscles (upper limb muscles)

Three (sets of) muscles involved in forced expiration:

* **internal intercostal muscles** depress the ribs and decrease all thoracic dimensions; * **anterior abdominal wall muscles**: increase intra-abdominal pressure and decrease vertical dimension of the thorax; and * **serratus posterior inferior:** depress the ribs.