Numbers of things topics 1-6

Question 1

Four extrinsic tongue muscles:

Answer 1

Genioglossus Hyoglossus Styloglossus Palatoglossus

Question 2

Four intrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 2

Superior longitudinal

Inferior longitudinal

transverse and vertical

Question 3

Three regions of the pharynx

Answer 3

nasopharynx

oropharynx

laryngopharynx

Question 4

Seven mobile articulators:

Answer 4

larynx, pharynx, mandible, lips, tongue, cheeks, velum.

Question 5

Three constrictor muscles of the pharynx:

Answer 5

superior

middle

inferior

Question 6

Two faucial pillars (and their underlying muscles):

Answer 6

anterior faucial pillar = palatalglossus,

post faucial pillar = palatopharyngeus

Question 7

Five muscles of the soft palate:

Answer 7

1. Tensor veli palatini, which is involved in swallowing.
2. Palatoglossus, involved in swallowing.
3. Palatopharyngeus, involved in breathing.
4. Levator veli palatini, involved in swallowing.
5. Uvular, which moves the uvula.

Question 8

Three common vocal registers:

Answer 8

modal (normal), fry (fake sick), falsetto (singing)

Question 9

Three paired cartilages of the larynx.

Answer 9

Arytenoid, corniculate, cunieform.

Four if you include triticial.

Question 10

One bone not attached to any other bone:

Answer 10

Hyoid

Question 11

Three unpaired cartilages of the larynx:

Answer 11

thyroid, cricoid, epiglottus

Question 12

Four suprahyoid muscles:

Answer 12

Digastric, Stylohyoid, Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid

Question 13

Four infrahyoid muscles:

Answer 13

Sternothyroid, Sternohyoid, Omohyoid, Thyrohyoid

Question 14

Five intrinsic laryngeal muscles (or six, depending on how you count them)

Answer 14

Cricothyroid muscle lengthen and tense the vocal folds.

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles abduct and externally rotate the arytenoid cartilages, resulting in abducted vocal folds.

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles adduct and internally rotate the arytenoid cartilages, increase medial compression.

Transverse arytenoid muscle adduct the arytenoid cartilages, resulting in adducted vocal folds.[2]

Oblique arytenoid muscles narrow the laryngeal inlet by constricting the distance between the arytenoid cartilages.

Thyroarytenoid muscles – sphincter of vestibule, narrowing the laryngeal inlet, shortening the vocal folds, and lowering voice pitch. The internal thyroarytenoid is the portion of the thyroarytenoid that vibrates to produce sound.

Question 15

Two immobile articulators

Answer 15

Teeth, hard palate.

Question 16

Two muscles involved in the control of vocal pitch

Answer 16

cricothyroid, thyroarytenoid

Question 17

Eleven muscles of facial expression (listed in your module booklet)

Answer 17

Obicularis Oris,

Rissorius,

Buccinator,

Depressor anguli oris,

Depressor labii inferioris,

mentalis,

platysma,

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi,

levitor labii superioris.

Zygomatic minor, Zygomatic major

(12 if you count levitor anguli oris)

Question 18

Five major branches of the facial nerve (VII)

Answer 18

Temporal

Zygomatic

Buccal

Mandibular

Cervical

Question 19

Four paranasal sinuses

Answer 19

frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, ethmoid

Question 20

Three types of vocal attack

Answer 20

breathy, glottal, simultaneous

Question 21

Five possible movements at the TMJ:

Answer 21

depression, elevation ,deviation ,protraction, retraction

Question 22

Two branches of the vagus (X) nerve supplying the larynx:

Answer 22

Recurrant laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal nerve

Question 23

Three salivary glands

Answer 23

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

Question 24

Five cranial nerves involved in innervation of the tongue in some way:

Answer 24

V (5) Trigeminal (Facial muscles incl. chewing; Facial sensations)

VII (7) Facial (Taste, tears, saliva, facial expressions)

IX(9) Glossopharyngeal (Swallowing, saliva, taste)

XII (12) Hypoglossal (Tongue muscles - speech & swallowing)

plus pharyngeal plexus

Question 25

Three stages of phonation:

Answer 25

onset (adduction), sustained, termination (abduction)

Question 26

Three ligaments of the TMJ:

Answer 26

stylomandibular,

sphenomendibular,

lateral tempomandibular ligament

Question 27

Three muscles that elevate the pharynx

Answer 27

(salpingopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus, palatoglossus)

Question 28

Six key aspects or parts of the mandible:

Answer 28

condyle, coronoid, notch, angle, ramus, body

Question 29

Four muscles of mastication:

Answer 29

(mass, temp, lat & med ptery)

Question 30

Four phases of swallowing

Answer 30

= oral prep, oral, pharyngeal, oesophag

Question 31

Eight bones of the cranium:

Answer 31

frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, 2 parietal, 2 temporal

Question 32

Fourteen bones of the facial skeleton:

Answer 32

mandible, vomer, 2 lacrimal, 2 nasal, 2 maxillary, 2 zygo, 2 palatine, 2 inferior nasal conchae

Question 33

Two types of joints in the skull:

Answer 33

(synovial, suture)

Question 34

Twelve cranial nerves:

Answer 34

OOO TTAF VGVAH

Question 35

Three sets of tonsils

Answer 35

lingual, palatine and pharyngeal

Question 36

Two types of pleurae

Answer 36

(visceral, parietal)

Question 37

Three cranial nerves making up the pharyngeal plexus

Answer 37

(Glossopharyngeal IX, vagus X, Accessory XI)

Question 38

Two types of sensory information from the tongue:

Answer 38

taste and general

Question 39

Six joints of the thoracic wall (if you count the intervertebral discs):

Answer 39

costovertebral, costotransverse, sternocostal, sternoclavicular, costochondral, interchondral.

Question 40

Three movements of the thoracic wall:

Answer 40

vertical, Anterior-Posterior, mediolateral.

Question 41

Eight key muscles of the thoracic wall concerned with respiration (module booklet):

Answer 41

1. Diaphragm
2. External Intercostal
3. Internal Intercostal
4. Sternocleidomastoid
5. Scalenes
6. Serratus Posterior Superior
7. Serratus Posterior Inferior
8. Pectoral girdle muscles

Question 42

The two main joints in the larynx:

Answer 42

cricothyroid, cricoarytenoid

Question 43

Two pterygoid muscles:

Answer 43

lateral and medial

Question 44

Two key divisions of the tongue for innervation purposes (not counting motor) –

Answer 44

ant 2/3 and post 1/3

Question 45

Four major branches of the external carotid artery, that supply structures in the face/head we are concerned with in this subject.

(And can you name a structure that each branch supplies?)

Answer 45

• Lingual artery – supplies the tongue and associated structures;
• Facial artery – supplies the muscles and skin of the face;
• Maxillary artery – supplies the temporomandibular joint and associated structures; and
• Superficial temporal artery – supplies skin and superficial structures of the cranium.

Question 46

Ten key foramina of the skull we are concerned with in this subject:

Answer 46

• Foramen magnum
• Carotid canal
• External acoustic (auditory) meatus
• Internal acoustic (auditory) meatus
• Foramen ovale
• Foramen rotundum
• Stylomastoid foramen
• Jugular foramen
• Superior orbital fissure
• Hypoglossal canal.

Question 47

Which lung has 3 lobes and which one has 2?

Name the lobes for each.

Answer 47

R = superior, middle, inferior lobes.

L = superior, inferior

Question 48

Four key parts of a rib:

Answer 48

head, tubercle, angle, body

Question 49

Three types of ribs:

Answer 49

true (1-7), false (8-10), floating (11-12)

Question 50

Seven muscles (or sets of) that can be involved in inspiration:

Answer 50

1. diaphram primarily,
2. external intercostal muscles (increase transverse and anterior/posterior thoracic dimensions);
3. scalenes (increase vertical thoracic dimension);
4. levator costarum;
5. serratus posterior superior;
6. sternocleidomastoid
7. pectoral girdle muscles (upper limb muscles)

Question 51

Three (sets of) muscles involved in forced expiration:

Answer 51

• internal intercostal muscles depress the ribs and decrease all thoracic dimensions;
• anterior abdominal wall muscles: increase intra-abdominal pressure and decrease vertical dimension of the thorax; and
• serratus posterior inferior: depress the ribs.