2.1 Anatomy of the Respiratory system

Question 1

Name the missing labels:

Answer 1

Larynx

Trachea

Question 2

Identify this and describe:

Answer 2

Bronchioles

Terminal bronchioles arise from the final division of tertiary bronchi, which then divide into respiratory bronchioles. Alveoli attach to respiratory bronchioles.

Question 3

Identify and describe:

Answer 3

Bronchi

Formed by division of the trachea into right and left primary bronchi.

Primary bronchi are the result of the first split, which split to form secondary bronchi. The secondary bronchi split to form tertiary bronchi, which then give rise to bronchioles. Bronchi have cartilage rings partially surrounding their wall. There are five secondary bronchi – one for each lobe of the lungs.

Question 4

Identify and describe the trachea:

Answer 4

A membranous tube that is reinforced with 15-20 C-shaped rings of cartilage. These rigid cartilage rings maintain an open airway. The trachea can constrict to aid coughing and the removal of mucus etc. from the respiratory system. The trachea branches to form bronchi.

Question 5

Alveoli

Answer 5

Alveoli

These attach to respiratory bronchioles like bunches of grapes. They are tiny air sacs with very thin walls for efficient gaseous exchange. It is here that oxygen diffuses into the blood, and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the alveoli to be breathed out. The enormous number of alveoli (estimated at 300 million) provides a large surface area for gas exchange. The thin walls are covered with pulmonary capillaries for the gaseous exchange of oxygen into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide out of the bloodstream. The structure of alveoli and their associated blood vessels can be observed in Figure 3-21 on page 69 of your text book.

Question 6

Lungs: