3.3 Movements and muscles of the larynx

Question 1

Name the main muscle groups of the larynx and their function

Answer 1

intrinsic muscles: change position and tension of the vocal folds - adductors/abductors of folds, tensors/relaxers of vocal folds extrinsic muscles: move the whole larynx and hyoid bone - elevators and depressors of larynx and hyoid bone

Question 2

Name the adductor muscles of the vocal folds and where they are attached to

Answer 2

lateral cricoarytenoid - attaches to lateral parts of cricoid andarytenoid cartilages transverse arytenoid - connects the two arytenoid cartilages in transverse orientation oblique arytenoid - connect the arytenoid cartilage in oblique orientation they close the vocal folds, intrinsic muscles

Question 3

Name the abductor muscles of the vocal folds and name where they are attached to:

Answer 3

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles -attached to posterior surface of cricoid cartilage and arytenoid cartilage. Moves the vocal folds out of the airstream.

Question 4

Name the tensors and relaxors of the vocal folds:

Answer 4

Cricothyroid muscle is the primary tensor of the vocal folds, it pulls thyroid cartilage antero-inferiorly, which tenses the vocal folds.

Thyroarytenoid muscle is made of 2 parts - thryrovocalis(medial) tensor thryomuscularis (lateral) relaxer

Question 5

Explain the function and position of the extrinsic laryngeal muscles.

Answer 5

Most attach to the hyoid bone. They move the whole hyoid bone and larynx. Suprahyoid muscles cause elevation and infrahyoid muscles cause depression of the hyoid bone and larynx.

Question 6

Name the 4 suprahyoid muscles and their function:

Answer 6

geniohyoid, sytlohyoid, mylohyoid, digastric

Elevation of hyoid and larynx

Question 7

Name the 4 infrahyoid muscles and their function:

Answer 7

Thyrohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid omohyoid.

Depressors of hyoid bone and larynx.

Question 8

Identify the muscles indicated at A, B and C:

Answer 8

A - Digastric

B - Mylohyoid

C- Stylohyoid

Question 9

Identify these muscles:

Answer 9

Geniohyoid

Question 10

Identify the following:

Answer 10

Mylohyoid

Question 11

Identify D, E, F:

Answer 11

D - Thyrohyoid

E - Omohyoid

F - Sternohyoid

Question 12

Explain the function movements of the cricoarytenoid joints:

Answer 12

The cricoarytenoid joints start and stop phonation. They move vocal folds in and out of airstream.

Their movements are:

sliding arytenoid cartilages together,

rotating on axis.

These both lead to adduction/abduction of the vocal folds.

Question 13

What laryngeal muscle is this?

What does it do?

Answer 13

This is the lateral cricoarytenoid.

It adducts the vocal folds by causing the arytenoid cartilages to rotate laterally.

Question 14

Name the two muscles indicated:

Describe what they do:

Answer 14

The transverse and oblique cricoarytenoid muscles slide the arytenoid cartliges towards one another, which adducts the vocal folds.

Question 15

The thyroarytenoid muslce is made of two parts, shown here. Name them.

Answer 15

A- Thyrovocalis. Tensor of vocal folds.

B. Thyromuscularis. Relaxes vocal folds.