1.1 Anatomical position and terminology Flashcards
How is the figure standing in the anatomical position?
Standing on flat feet, toes pointing forwards, arms by the sides of the body with palms facing forwards, the head upright and eyes looking directly forwards. May be lying on back in same position.
Mid-sagittal (medial) plane:
Vertical plane passing longitudinally through the centre of the body, dividing it into left and right halves.
Sagittal plane:
Vertical plane passing parallel to the mid-saggital plane.
Frontal (coronal) plane
Vertical plane at right angles to sagittal planes, dividing the body into front and back parts
Horizontal (transverse) plane:
Planes at right angles to both sagittal and frontal planes, dividing the body into upper and lower parts
Superior (cranial):
Towards the head
Inferior (caudal)
Towards the feet
Anterior (ventral)
Towards the front of the body
Posterior (dorsal)
Towards the back of the body
Medial
Towards the midline of the body.
“The heart is __________ to the stomach”
Superior
“The stomach is ________ to the heart”
Inferior
Proximal
Closer to the point of attachment.
Distal
Away from, or distant to, the point of attachment.
“The shoulder is ______ to the elbow”
Proximal
Where structures are in relation to the body surface, superficial is:
Closer to the surface.
Where structures are in relation to the body surface, deep is:
Further from the surface.
Abduction
Movement away from midline
Adduction
Movement towards the midline.
Flexion
decreasing the angle
Extension
Increasing the angle.
Medial rotation
Rotation towards the midline
Lateral rotation
Rotation away from the midline
Retrusion (retraction)
Specifically relates to moving the jaw posteriorly.
Protrusion (protraction)
Specifically relates to protruding the jaw anteriorly.
Elevation
Living a body part vertically (e.g. shrugging shoulders, closing the lower jaw).
The breastbone is _______ to the spine.
Anterior
The heart is ________ to the breastbone.
Posterior
The heart is ________ to the arm.
Medial
Describe the position of the nose relative to the eyes?
The nose is medial, inferior and anterior (ventral) to the eyes.
What is a process?
A process is a prominence or a projection of bone that usually serves as an attachment point for ligaments or muscles.
What is a foramen?
A foramen (plural = foramina) is a hole in a bone, usually for a nerve or a blood vessel to pass through.
