Nucleotides And Nucleic Acids Flashcards
What is the structure of a nucleotide?
Phosphate group
Pentose monosaccharide
Nitrogenous base
Name 2 purine bases and what makes them purine?
Adenine and guanine
The have double carbon ring structure
Name 2 pyramidines and what makes them pyramidines?
Thymine, cytosine and uracil
Single carbon ring structure
What are 3 main features of aDNA molecule?
2 strands
Double helix
Antiparalel
Name three differences between rna and dna
Ribose vs deoxyribose
Uracil vs thymine
Smaller vs bigger
What does dna helicase do?
Catalyses the unwinding of dna strands
What does DNA polymerase do?
Catalyses formation of phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides
4 features of genetic coding?
3 bases= codon= 1 amino acid
Non overlapping
Degenerate
Universal
What is the structure of atp
Ribose sugar
3phosphate groups
Adenine nitrogenous bade
1.______ ____________ attaches to dna double helix at beginning of gene
Breaking ___________ _____ between the dna strands so it uncoils
2. RNA nucleotides line up against template strand by ______________ _____ _________
3.
RNA polymerase
Hydrogen bonds
complimentary base pairing
Describe how a nucleotide vase sequence in a gene is used to synthesise a polypeptide
Transcription
Gene copied into mRNA Free RNA nucleotides Line up by complimentary base pairing To the template strand Catalysed by RNA polymerase
Translation
mRNA moves to the ribosomes tRNA bonds to mRNA Anticodon binds with codon Specific amino acid attached to tRNA Formation of peptide bond between amino acids
What does rna polymerase do?
Helps line up free RNA necleotides alongside the template strand
What does ribosomal rna do?
Catalysed the formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids attached to the tRNA molecules
What is the importance of complementary base pairing?
So dna can be replicated without error
Reduces Occurance of mutation
Allows reformation of hydrogen bonds
