Biodiversity Flashcards
Name the 3 types of biodiversity
Habitat biodiversity
Species biodiversity
- includes species richness and evenness
Genetic biodiversity
What are the 3 types of non random sampling?
Opportunistic
Stratified
Systematic
What does opportunistic sampling involve?
Samples are chosen by investigator by convenience
Bias
What does stratified sampling involve?
Areas of a habitat are identified and investigated separately
What does systematic sampling involve?
Samples are taken at fixed intervals
Line and belt transect
What is the equation for Simpsons index of diversity?
D=1-(E(n/N)^2)
Equation to measure the proportion of polymorphic gene loci?
Number of polymorphic gene loci
/
Total number of loci
3 main factors effecting biodiversity?
Population growth
Agriculture
Climate change
Name 2 ecological reasons to maintain biodiversity
Protect keystone species
Maintain a genetic resource
Name an economic reason to maintain biodiversity
To reduce soil depletion
Name an aesthetic reason to maintain biodiversity
Protect landscapes
What is in situ conservation?
Conservation done in site
Including marine conservation sites and wildlife reserves
What I’d ex Situ conservation
Conservation done outside of the site
Including seed banks botanic gardens and zoos
Name 2 international agreements to protect species and habitats
CITES
Rio convention on biological diversity
Describe what CITES aims to do
regulate / monitor / prevent , trade in , selected / certain /
endangered , species
ensure (international) trade does not endanger , wild
populations / AW ;
prohibit (commercial) trade in wild plants ;
allow trade in , artificially propagated plants / AW ;
allow (some) trade in less endanger
What’s does the rio convention of biological biodiversity aim to do?
sustainable use of , organisms / habitats / ecosystems ;
share genetic resources ;
share access to , scientific knowledge / technology ;
idea of promoting (named) ex situ conservation
method(s) ;
idea of raising profile of (biodiversity) with , governments /
public bodies / general public ;
idea of international cooperation (on biodiversity issues) ;
Name explain the aims of one local conservation agreement
The countryside stewardship scheme
Pay land owners who followed management schemes
To conserve wildlife and biodiversity
What is habitat biodiversity?
The number of habitats in an area- often support multiple organisms so generally higher habitat biodiversity means higher species biodiversity
What are the 2 types of species diversity and what do they mean?
Species evenness
-a comparison of the numbers of individuals in each species
Species richness
-the number of different species living in a particular area
What is genetic diversity?
The variety of genes and alleles that make up a species
What does a pooter do?
Catch small insects by sucking into a mouthpeice
What are sweeping nets used for?
Catching insects in long grass
What are pitfall traps used for?
Dig hole in ground so can’t crawl out and cover top to prevent filling with rain
To catch small crawling invertebrates
What is kick sampling?
Kicking the river bank and catching any organisms down stream in a net
How is climate change affecting biodiversity?
Increasing temperatures and reduced rainfall causes many plant species to fail to survive and xerophytes to become more dominant
Flooding of low lying land reducing terrestrial habitTs and making rivers salt water further up
Melting of polar icecaps causing extinction of species living in those regions
Why is agriculture affecting biodiversity?
Monoculture reducing species diversity
Use of pesticides and herbicides reduces species diversity and destroys food sources of organisms
Removal of Hedgerows
Deforestation
What does a low simpsons index of diversity mean?
The habitat is dominated by one species and the habitat is unstable and less likely to cope with change
Suggest two reasons why the number of species identified is likely to be lower than the actual
number of species present on Earth.
not all , areas explored / species yet discovered ;
microscopic / small / nocturnal / camouflaged , species
difficult to see ;
sampling might miss rare species ;
organisms mistakenly identified as one species may
actually be two (or more) species ;
concept of species is difficult to define ;
how do you use a belt transect to measure the distribution of species?
lay tape measure out from edge of pond
place quadrat beside tape measure
identify species in quadrat
count number of plants of each species (in quadrat)
repeat for positions of quadrat along tape
what is a keystone species?
have significant effect on the ecosystem
many other species rely on them
