Biodiversity

Question 1

Name the 3 types of biodiversity

Answer 1

Habitat biodiversity

Species biodiversity
- includes species richness and evenness

Genetic biodiversity

Question 2

What are the 3 types of non random sampling?

Answer 2

Opportunistic

Stratified

Systematic

Question 3

What does opportunistic sampling involve?

Answer 3

Samples are chosen by investigator by convenience

Bias

Question 4

What does stratified sampling involve?

Answer 4

Areas of a habitat are identified and investigated separately

Question 5

What does systematic sampling involve?

Answer 5

Samples are taken at fixed intervals

Line and belt transect

Question 6

What is the equation for Simpsons index of diversity?

Answer 6

D=1-(E(n/N)^2)

Question 7

Equation to measure the proportion of polymorphic gene loci?

Answer 7

Number of polymorphic gene loci
/
Total number of loci

Question 8

3 main factors effecting biodiversity?

Answer 8

Population growth

Agriculture

Climate change

Question 9

Name 2 ecological reasons to maintain biodiversity

Answer 9

Protect keystone species

Maintain a genetic resource

Question 10

Name an economic reason to maintain biodiversity

Answer 10

To reduce soil depletion

Question 11

Name an aesthetic reason to maintain biodiversity

Answer 11

Protect landscapes

Question 12

What is in situ conservation?

Answer 12

Conservation done in site

Including marine conservation sites and wildlife reserves

Question 13

What I’d ex Situ conservation

Answer 13

Conservation done outside of the site

Including seed banks botanic gardens and zoos

Question 14

Name 2 international agreements to protect species and habitats

Answer 14

CITES

Rio convention on biological diversity

Question 15

Describe what CITES aims to do

Answer 15

regulate / monitor / prevent , trade in , selected / certain /
endangered , species
ensure (international) trade does not endanger , wild
populations / AW ;
prohibit (commercial) trade in wild plants ;
allow trade in , artificially propagated plants / AW ;
allow (some) trade in less endanger

Question 16

What’s does the rio convention of biological biodiversity aim to do?

Answer 16

sustainable use of , organisms / habitats / ecosystems ;
share genetic resources ;
share access to , scientific knowledge / technology ;
idea of promoting (named) ex situ conservation
method(s) ;
idea of raising profile of (biodiversity) with , governments /
public bodies / general public ;
idea of international cooperation (on biodiversity issues) ;

Question 17

Name explain the aims of one local conservation agreement

Answer 17

The countryside stewardship scheme

Pay land owners who followed management schemes
To conserve wildlife and biodiversity

Question 18

What is habitat biodiversity?

Answer 18

The number of habitats in an area- often support multiple organisms so generally higher habitat biodiversity means higher species biodiversity

Question 19

What are the 2 types of species diversity and what do they mean?

Answer 19

Species evenness
-a comparison of the numbers of individuals in each species

Species richness
-the number of different species living in a particular area

Question 20

What is genetic diversity?

Answer 20

The variety of genes and alleles that make up a species

Question 21

What does a pooter do?

Answer 21

Catch small insects by sucking into a mouthpeice

Question 22

What are sweeping nets used for?

Answer 22

Catching insects in long grass

Question 23

What are pitfall traps used for?

Answer 23

Dig hole in ground so can’t crawl out and cover top to prevent filling with rain

To catch small crawling invertebrates

Question 24

What is kick sampling?

Answer 24

Kicking the river bank and catching any organisms down stream in a net

Question 25

How is climate change affecting biodiversity?

Answer 25

Increasing temperatures and reduced rainfall causes many plant species to fail to survive and xerophytes to become more dominant

Flooding of low lying land reducing terrestrial habitTs and making rivers salt water further up

Melting of polar icecaps causing extinction of species living in those regions

Question 26

Why is agriculture affecting biodiversity?

Answer 26

Monoculture reducing species diversity

Use of pesticides and herbicides reduces species diversity and destroys food sources of organisms

Removal of Hedgerows

Deforestation

Question 27

What does a low simpsons index of diversity mean?

Answer 27

The habitat is dominated by one species and the habitat is unstable and less likely to cope with change

Question 28

Suggest two reasons why the number of species identified is likely to be lower than the actual
number of species present on Earth.

Answer 28

not all , areas explored / species yet discovered ;
microscopic / small / nocturnal / camouflaged , species
difficult to see ;
sampling might miss rare species ;
organisms mistakenly identified as one species may
actually be two (or more) species ;
concept of species is difficult to define ;

Question 29

how do you use a belt transect to measure the distribution of species?

Answer 29

lay tape measure out from edge of pond 
place quadrat beside tape measure 
identify species in quadrat 
count number of plants of each species (in quadrat) 
repeat for positions of quadrat along tape 

Question 30

what is a keystone species?

Answer 30

have significant effect on the ecosystem

many other species rely on them