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Biochemistry II > Nucleotide Synthesis > Flashcards

Nucleotide Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the sources of the nitrogen atoms in purine synthesis?

A

Aspartate, glutamine, and glycine

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2
Q

What is the parent molecule of purine synthesis?

A

Inosine monophosphate (IMP)

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3
Q

What are the sources of the carbon atoms in purine synthesis?

A

Glycine, CO2, N10formyl H4 folate/ N5N10formyl THF

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4
Q

What is the name of the ring that is the precursor to the purine molecules?

A

Hypoxanthine

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5
Q

What is the reaction that converts ribose 5 P to PRPP (phosphoribosylpyrophosphate)

A

Ribose 5P + 4ATP + Mg2+ -> PRPP synthase –> PRPP

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6
Q

What amino acid and high energy compound converts IMP to AMP?

A

Aspartate and GTP

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7
Q

What amino acid and high energy compound converts IMP to GMP?

A

Glutamine and ATP

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8
Q

What is the reaction and enzyme to make AMP?

A

Adenosine + PRPP -> AMP
enzyme: APRT

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9
Q

What are the two reactions and enzymes to make IMP/GMP?

A
  1. Hypoxanthine + PRPP -> IMP (using HGPRT)
  2. Guanine + PRPP -> GMP (using HGPRT)
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10
Q

Ribose 5P + 4 ATP + Mg2+ -> ?
What enzyme is used?

A

Phophoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP)
enzyme: PRPP synthase

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11
Q

Adenosine + PRPP -> ?
What enzyme is used?

A

AMP
enzyme: APRT

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12
Q

Hypoxanthine + PRPP -> ?
What enzyme is used?

A

IMP
enzyme: HGPRT

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13
Q

Which tissues are unable to use the salvage pathway for purine synthesis?

A

Brain, RBCs, WBCs

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14
Q

Guanine + PRPP -> ?
What enzyme is used?

A

GMP
enzyme: HGPRT

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15
Q

Name the water soluble molecule that is produced in purine degredation

A

Xanthine

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16
Q

Name the less water soluble molecule that is produced after xanthine in purine degredation

A

Uric acid

17
Q

What enzyme converts xanthine to uric acid in purine degredation?

A

Xanthine oxidase

18
Q

What drug blocks xanthine oxidase?

A

Allopurinol

19
Q

What natural food blocks xanthine oxidase?

A

Bing cherry juice

20
Q

What is gout?

A

High levels of uric acid in blood (uricemia)

21
Q

What causes gouty arthritis?

A

Deposit of sodium urate crystals in joints (toes, hand, etc.)

22
Q

What is gout in the big toe termed?

A

Podagra

23
Q

What is the genetic predisposition for gout?

A

X-linked recessive (men)

24
Q

What foods are high in purines?

A

Organ meats, aged cheese, alcohol

25
Q

What disease is caused by the genetic enzyme deficiency of HGPRT?

A

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (chewing of the hands and mouth)

26
Q

What are the symptoms of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome?

A

Gouty arthritis, cognitive impairment, self-mutilation

27
Q

What disease is caused by the genetic enzyme deficiency of glucose 6 phosphatase?

A

Von Gierke’s disease (glucose can’t leave liver)

28
Q

What are the symptoms of Von Gierke’s disease?

A

Hypoglycemia, glycogen nodules, and gouty arthritis

29
Q

What is the parent molecule of pyrimidine synthesis?

A

Uracil monophosphate (UMP)

30
Q

What are the sources of the nitrogen atoms in pyrimidine synthesis?

A

Aspartate and glutamine

31
Q

What are the sources of the carbon atoms in pyrimidine synthesis?

A

CO2 and aspartate

32
Q

What are the two enzymes needed for pyrimidine synthesis?

A

CAD and UMP synthase

33
Q

What amino acid and high energy molecule is needed to convert UMP to CTP?

A

Glutamine and ATP

34
Q

What enzyme converts dUMP to dTMP?

A

N5N10 methylene THF (need methyl)

35
Q

What classification of drugs blocks dUMP conversion to dTMP?

A

Anti cancer drugs (folate inhibitors)

36
Q

What is the energy source to convert TMP to TTP?

A

ATP

37
Q

What enzyme and coenzyme converts ribonucleotides to deoxynucleotides?

A

Ribonucleotide reductase

38
Q

Are there any diseases from the degradation of pyrimidines?

A

No

Biochemistry II (13 decks)

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