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Biochemistry II > Intercellular Signaling/Eicosanoid Synthesis > Flashcards

Intercellular Signaling/Eicosanoid Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What peptide is released in response to tissue damage?

A

Bradykinin

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2
Q

What enzyme is turned on in response to bradykinin?

A

Phospholipase A2

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3
Q

What is the reaction caused by phospholipase A2?

A

The release of
Arachidonic acid from lipid bilayer

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4
Q

Name the three Prostanoids

A

Prostacyclins, prostaglandins, thromboxanes.

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5
Q

What reaction is catalyzed by the COX enzyme?

A

Leads to prostaglandins, prostacyclins and thromboxanes

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6
Q

Which Cox enzyme is constitutive and which is inducible?

A

Cox 1 is constitutive and Cox 2 is inducible

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7
Q

Where is Cox 1?

A

gastric mucosa, kidney, endothelial cells, platelets

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8
Q

Where is Cox 2?

A

macrophages and monocytes

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9
Q

What is the enzyme that converts PGH2 to PGE2? Where is it?

A

Prostaglandin endoperoxyde isomerase or reductase
in most tissues endothelial cells and macrophages

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10
Q

Name the three functions of PGE2

A

Pain
Swelling
Smooth muscle contraction

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11
Q

What is the enzyme that converts PGH2 to PGI2? Where is it?

A

Prostacyclin synthetase in blood vessel walls

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12
Q

What is another name for PGI2?

A

Prostacyclins

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13
Q

What is the function of PGI2?

A

inhibit platelet aggregation

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14
Q

What is the enzyme that converts PGA2 to TXA2? Where is it?

A

Thromboxane synthetase
in platelets and gastric mucosa

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15
Q

What are two functions of TXA2?

A

Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation

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16
Q

What is the location of the LOX pathway?

A

WBC and platelets

17
Q

What is the function of the LOX pathway?

A

Produce Leukotrienes and Lipoxins

18
Q

What intermediate in the pathway causes Asthma (bronchial constriction)?

A

5 OXO ETE

19
Q

What is the function of lipoxins?

A

WBC function/immune support, decrease neutrophil migration, angiogenesis, and fibrosis, increases macrophages

20
Q

What is the action of steroid drugs on the COX pathway?

A

Inhibit PLA2
Decrease transcription of PGHS2

21
Q

What is the action of Aspirin on the COX pathway?

A

Non-competitive inhibition of
COX-1 enzyme

22
Q

What is the action of NSAIDS like Ibuprofen and Naproxen on the COX pathway?

A

Competitive inhibition of COX -1
enzyme

23
Q

What type of drugs are Vioxx and Celebrex?

A

COX 2 inhibitors

24
Q

What is the action of steroid inhalers on the LOX pathway?

A

Inhibit PLA2
Decrease transcription of LOX
enzyme

25
Q

What natural supplement inhibits PLA2?

A

Fish oils (omega 3 oils)

26
Q

What herb modulates the COX and LOX pathways?

A

Boswellia

27
Q

Name 4 dietary changes that may reduce arachidonic acid in the diet?

A
  1. Decrease or eliminate dairy/beef fat
  2. Eliminate peanut oil
  3. Eliminate corn oil
  4. Eliminate skin of chicken

Biochemistry II (13 decks)

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