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Biochemistry II > Fatty Acid Synthesis > Flashcards

Fatty Acid Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main organ of fatty acid synthesis?

A

Liver

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2
Q

What is the cellular location of fatty acid synthesis?

A

Cytosol

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3
Q

Function of the malate citrate antiporter

A

Malate citrate antiporter moves acetyl CoA from mitochondria to cytoplasm

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4
Q

Describe the function of the malic enzyme and name the coenzyme needed

A

Malate becomes pyruvate with coenzyme NADPH

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5
Q

What is the reaction for Stage 1 of fatty acid synthesis?

A

Acetyl CoA + CO2 -> Malonyl CoA

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6
Q

What is the name of the enzyme needed for Stage 1 of fatty acid synthesis? What coenzymes?

A

Acetyl CoA carboxylase with biotin and ATP

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7
Q

What upregulates acetyl CoA carboxylase?

A

High carb/ low fat diet, insulin, citrate

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8
Q

What down regulates acetyl CoA carboxylase?

A

High fat/ low carb diet, glucagon, epinephrine

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9
Q

What is the overall reaction for Stage 2 of fatty acid synthesis?

A

8 Acetyl CoA + 7 malonyl CoA + 14 NADPH -> palmitate + 7CO2 + 7H2O

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10
Q

What enzyme is used for Stage 2 of fatty acid synthesis?

A

Fatty acid synthase

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11
Q

What is the end product of Stage 2 of fatty acid synthesis?

A

Palmitate, CO2, H2O

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12
Q

malate citrate antiporter

Citrate becomes OAA + acetyl CoA using what enzyme?

A

ATP citrate lyase

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13
Q

malate citrate antiporter

OAA becomes malate using what enzyme and coenzyme?

A

Malate dehydrogenase with NADH

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14
Q

malate citrate antiporter

Malate becomes pyruvate using what enzyme and coenzyme?

A

Malic enzyme with NADPH

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15
Q

malate citrate antiporter

Through a chain of reactions, citrate will become pyruvate which enters…

A

the mitochondria

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16
Q

Describe the malate shuttle

A

Acetyl CoA from the mitochondria enters the cytoplasm via the malate-citrate antiporter

17
Q

Describe fatty acid synthase

A

7 distinct enzyme activities, dimer, arranged head to tail

18
Q

What upregulates fatty acid synthase?

A

High carb/ low fat diet

19
Q

What down regulates/ inhibits fatty acid synthase?

A

High levels of free fatty acids

20
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that converts palmitate to stearate?

A

Fatty acid elongase (with NADPH)

21
Q

What molecule is added in fatty acid elongation and synthesis of other fatty acids?

A

Malonyl CoA

22
Q

What coenzymes are needed for fatty acid elongation and synthesis of other fatty acids?

A

NADPH

23
Q

What is the process for creating short chain fatty acids?

A

Reverse of beta oxidation of fats in the mitochondria

24
Q

Where are very long chain fatty acids synthesized?

A

Brain

25
Q

What molecule is added for very long chain fatty acid synthesis?

A

Elongation of stearoyl CoA

26
Q

What are very long chain fatty acids used for?

A

Synthesis of sphingolipids during myelination

27
Q

Synthesis of TAGs in the liver consists of ___ being converted to ___ using enzyme ___

A

glycerol being converted to glycerol 3P using enzyme glycerol kinase

28
Q

Fatty acids are stored as ___

A

Triacylglycerol

29
Q

Synthesis of TAGs in adipose consists of ___ from ___ being converted to ___

A

DHAP from glycolysis being converted to glycerol 3P

30
Q

In TAG synthesis, glycerol 3P, using 2 acyl CoA, becomes ___, then ___

A

phosphatidic acid, then diacylglycerol

31
Q

In TAG synthesis, diacylglycerol becomes triacylglycerol using what enzyme?

A

Acyl CoA

32
Q

How are TAGs stored in the liver?
How are they stored in adipose tissue?

A

Blood VLDL in liver
Adipose stores in fat cells

33
Q

What are three factors that regulate total body fat?

A
  1. Number and size of adipocytes
  2. Genetically linked factors- dopamine receptors
  3. Leptin
34
Q

Where is leptin made? What is its target?

A

Produced by white adipose tissue, targeting the hypothalamus

35
Q

What are three environmental factors that increase food intake and lead to increased body fat?

A
  1. Eating a wide variety of food
  2. Eating with more people
  3. Availability of energy dense foods

Biochemistry II (13 decks)

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