Bioenergetics and Electron Transport Chain

Question 1

What foods have 9 kcal per gram?

Answer 1

Fats

Question 2

What foods have 7 kcal per gram?

Answer 2

Alcohol

Question 3

What foods have 4 kcal per gram?

Answer 3

Proteins and carbohydrates

Question 4

What biochemical pathway oxidizes fuels and reduces nucleotides?

Answer 4

Kreb’s cycle

Question 5

Where is the Kreb’s cycle located?

Answer 5

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 6

Name the 6 high energy compounds

Answer 6

1. Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
2. Phosphocreatine
3. 1,3-biphosphoglycerate
4. Pyrophosphate
5. Acetyl CoA
6. ATP and equivalents

Question 7

What transports large proteins in and out of the matrix and where are they located?

Answer 7

TOMS: mitochondrial matrix
TIMS: inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 8

Where are the components of oxidative phosphorylation located?

Answer 8

Inner mitochondrial matrix

Question 9

What is the energy produced by electron transport used for?

Answer 9

To pump protons out into the inner mitochondrial space

Question 10

What is another name for the electron transport chain?

Answer 10

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 11

What enzyme discharges the proton gradient to produce ATP?

Answer 11

ATP synthase/ complex V

Question 12

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport?

Answer 12

O2

Question 13

What reduced nucleotide enters at complex I?

Answer 13

NADH

Question 14

What enzyme is at complex I?

Answer 14

NADH-Q reductase

Question 15

Where does complex I send electrons?

Answer 15

CoQ 10

Question 16

What electron carriers are in complex I?

Answer 16

FMN, iron-sulfur box

Question 17

What does NADH need to enter the mitochondria from the cytoplasm?

Answer 17

A shuttle

Question 18

What shuttle does NADH use in skeletal muscle?

Answer 18

Glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle

Question 19

What is the letter for Glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle?

Answer 19

G

Question 20

What is NADH converted to in the G shuttle?

Answer 20

FADH2

Question 21

What complex does the G shuttle act like?

Answer 21

Complex II

Question 22

What electron carriers are in complex G?

Answer 22

Iron-sulfur box

Question 23

What shuttle does NADH use in the heart and liver?

Answer 23

Malate-aspartate shuttle

Question 24

What is the enzyme for the Malate-aspartate shuttle?

Answer 24

AST/SGOT

Question 25

What reduced nucleotide enters in complex II?

Answer 25

FADH2

Question 26

What enzyme is at complex II?

Answer 26

Succinate dehydrogenase

Question 27

What electron carriers are in complex II?

Answer 27

Iron-sulfur box

Question 28

What does complex F do?

Answer 28

First step of mitochondrial beta oxidation of fatty acids

Question 29

What enzyme is found at complex F?

Answer 29

Fatty acyl CoA dehydrogenase

Question 30

What reduced nucleotide does complex F produce?

Answer 30

FADH2

Question 31

What electron carrier is found at complex F?

Answer 31

Iron-sulfur box

Question 32

Where does complex F transfer electrons?

Answer 32

CoQ 10

Question 33

What is the location of ubiquinone?

Answer 33

Inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 34

What is ubiquinone the start molecule for?

Answer 34

Common pathway

Question 35

Which complexes does ubiquinone accept electrons from?

Answer 35

Complex I, II, G, F, malate aspartate

Question 36

What is another name for ubiquinone?

Answer 36

CoQ 10

Question 37

What does the absence of CoQ 10 cause?

Answer 37

Superoxide radicals

Question 38

What enzyme is at complex III?

Answer 38

Ubiquinone-cytochrome c reductase

Question 39

What electron carriers are in complex III

Answer 39

Iron-sulfur box, cytochromes b and C1

Question 40

Where does complex III send electrons?

Answer 40

Cytochrome c

Question 41

Where is cytochrome c?

Answer 41

Outer surface of inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 42

What happens to cytochrome c at low membrane potentials?

Answer 42

Released from inner membrane into cytosol

Question 43

What is the consequence of cytochrome c being released from the inner membrane into the cytosol?

Answer 43

Induced apoptosis

Question 44

Where does cytochrome c send electrons?

Answer 44

Complex IV

Question 45

What enzyme is at complex IV?

Answer 45

Cytochrome c oxidase

Question 46

What mineral does cytochrome c oxidase require?

Answer 46

Copper

Question 47

What electron carriers are at complex IV?

Answer 47

Cytochrome a

Question 48

Where does complex IV send electrons?

Answer 48

To oxygen

Question 49

What do electrons sent to oxygen produce?

Answer 49

Water

Question 50

What is the allosteric enzyme of the ETC?

Answer 50

Cytochrome c oxidase

Question 51

Does the ETC make ATP?

Answer 51

No(?)

Question 52

What complex contains the allosteric enzyme?

Answer 52

Complex IV

Question 53

Which complexes pump protons out of the matrix and into the intermembranous space?

Answer 53

I, III, IV

Question 54

What is another name for ATP synthase?

Answer 54

Complex V

Question 55

Which way does ATP synthase transport electrons?

Answer 55

Intermembranous space to the matrix

Question 56

What is another term for ATP synthase transporting electrons from the intermembranous space to the matrix?

Answer 56

Discharge the gradient

Question 57

What is the name of the method used by ATP synthase to make ATP?

Answer 57

Proton motive force

Question 58

How many ATPs are produced by NADH without heat?

Answer 58

3

Question 59

How many protons are produced by NADH with heat?

Answer 59

2.5

Question 60

At what complex does the ETC start for NADH producing ATP?

Answer 60

Complex I

Question 61

How many ATPs are produced by FADH2 without heat?

Answer 61

2

Question 62

How many ATPs are produced by FADH2 with heat?

Answer 62

1.5

Question 63

At what complex does the ETC start for FADH2 to produce ATP?

Answer 63

Complex II

Question 64

What is another name for UPC 1?

Answer 64

Thermogenin

Question 65

What is the function of UPC I?

Answer 65

Provide heat

Question 66

How many ATPs does UPC 1 require to provide heat?

Answer 66

0.5

Question 67

Which way does UPC 1 transport electrons?

Answer 67

Intermembranous space to the matrix

Question 68

What inhibits complex I?

Answer 68

Rotenone

Question 69

What inhibits complex III?

Answer 69

Antimycin A

Question 70

What inhibits complex IV?

Answer 70

CO and cyanide

Question 71

Which complex inhibitor is the most dangerous?

Answer 71

CO and cyanide

Question 72

What can inhibit the ADP-ATP translocase in the mitochondria?

Answer 72

Plant and mold toxins

Question 73

How is mitochondrial DNA inherited?

Answer 73

Maternally