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Biochemistry II > Beta Oxidation of Fats > Flashcards

Beta Oxidation of Fats Flashcards

1
Q

For the majority of fatty acids, where in the cell does beta oxidation of fats occur?

A

Mitochondrial matrix

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2
Q

2-4 carbon chain (short chain) fatty acids are metabolized in ___ and transported through ___

A

metabolized in mitochondria and transported through free diffusion

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3
Q

6-12 carbon chain (medium chain) fatty acids are metabolized in ___ and transported through ___

A

metabolized in mitochondria and transported through diffusion

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4
Q

12-20 carbon chain (long chain) fatty acids are metabolized in ___ and transported through ___

A

metabolized in mitochondria and transported through carnitine cycle

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5
Q

20 or more carbon chain (very long chain) fatty acids are metabolized in ___ and transported through ___

A

metabolized in peroxisomes and transported through unknown methods

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6
Q

Beta oxidation of fats in the liver is also known as…

A

ketogenesis

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7
Q

Fatty acids are released from adipose tissue using which enzyme?

A

Hormone sensitive lipase

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8
Q

Lipase is allosterically activated by ___ and ___

A

glucagon and epinephrine

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9
Q

Lipase converts TAGs to…

A

glycerol and fatty acids

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10
Q

Which enzyme converts TAGs to glycerol and fatty acids?

A

Lipase

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11
Q

What is the function of albumin in beta oxidation of fats?

A

Acts as a transport for 6-8 fatty acids

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12
Q

Beta oxidation does not occur at a normal rate without…

A

normal thyroid level (T3)

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13
Q

Which coenzyme is required for bile acid production?

A

Vitamin C

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14
Q

T4 is converted to T3 using…

A

bile acids in the liver, kidney, and muscles

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15
Q

The first step of beta oxidation of fats pathway…
enzyme:
coenzyme:
result:

A

enzyme: acyl CoA dehydrogenase
coenzyme: FAD
result: double bond next to acetyl CoA

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16
Q

The second step of beta oxidation of fats pathway…
enzyme:
coenzyme:
result:

A

enzyme: enoyl CoA hydratase
coenzyme: H2O
result: OH next to acetyl CoA

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17
Q

The third step of beta oxidation of fats pathway…
enzyme:
coenzyme:
result:

A

enzyme: hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase
coenzyme: NAD+
result: ketone next to acetyl CoA

18
Q

The fourth step of beta oxidation of fats pathway…
enzyme:
coenzyme:
result:

A

enzyme: thiolase
coenzyme: CoASH (pantothenic acid)
result: fatty acyl CoA (n-2) carbons + acetyl CoA

19
Q

In the overview of reaction of beta oxidation of fats pathway, fatty acyl CoA becomes…

A

acetyl CoA + FADH2 + NADH + (n-2) fatty acyl CoA

20
Q

fatty acid activation

What is the name and location of the enzyme that converts fatty acid to fatty acyl CoA?

A

Fatty acyl CoASH synthase aka fatty acid thiokinase is located in the outer mitochondrial membrane

21
Q

fatty acid activation

What is the location and purpose of CPT1?

A

Needed for fatty acids with 14-20 carbons to activate. Located in the intramembranous space.

22
Q

fatty acid activation

What is the biochemical composition of carnitine?

A

Trimethyl lysine made from lysine and SAMe (B6) Vitamin C and iron

23
Q

fatty acid activation

How is carnitine recycled and what is the location of the enzyme that carries that out?

A

Recycled by the enzyme CPT-2. The fatty acyl CoA is in the mitochondrial matrix.

24
Q

What is the coenzyme for acyl CoA dehydrogenase to make a double bond next to acetyl CoA?

A

FAD

25
Q

What is the coenzyme for enoyl CoA hydratase to put OH next to acetyl CoA?

A

H2O

26
Q

What is the coenzyme for hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase to put a ketone next to acetyl CoA?

A

NAD+

27
Q

What is the coenzyme for thiolase to produce fatty acyl CoA (n-2) carbons +acetyl CoA?

A

CoASH (pantothenic acid)

28
Q

Acyl CoA dehydrogenase, requiring FAD will make…

A

a double bond next to acetyl CoA

29
Q

Enoyl CoA hydratase, requiring H2O will put…

A

OH next to acetyl CoA

30
Q

Hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase, requiring NAD+ will put…

A

a ketone next to acetyl CoA

31
Q

Thiolase, requiring CoASH (pantothenic acid) will produce…

A

fatty acyl CoA (n-2) carbons + acetyl CoA

32
Q

List the three total products of beta oxidation of fats

A
  1. n/2 acetyl CoA
  2. (n/2)-1 FADH2
  3. (n/2)-1 NADH + H+
33
Q

How much ATP is made from beta oxidation of palmitic acid (16C)?

A

131

34
Q

How much ATP is made from beta oxidation of stearic acid (18C)?

A

148

35
Q

How much ATP is made from beta oxidation of arachidic acid (20C)?

A

165

36
Q

ketogenesis

Excess acetyl CoA is converted to…

A

ketone bodies

37
Q

ketogenesis

Name the ketone bodies

A

acetoacetate (4C), beta hydroxybutyrate (4C), acetone (3C)

38
Q

ketogenesis

Which ketone body is found in the blood/urine?

A

Acetoacetate

39
Q

ketogenesis

What tissues can use ketone bodies for energy?

A

Skeletal and heart muscle, and the brain

40
Q

ketogenesis

What Kreb’s cycle intermediate is necessary for the metabolism of ketone bodies?

A

Succinyl CoA and CoA

41
Q

At succinyl CoA, the amino acids, ___, ___, and ___ enter Krebs cycle

A

methionine, valine, and isoleucine

Biochemistry II (13 decks)

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