Beta Oxidation of Fats

Question 1

For the majority of fatty acids, where in the cell does beta oxidation of fats occur?

Answer 1

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 2

2-4 carbon chain (short chain) fatty acids are metabolized in ___ and transported through ___

Answer 2

metabolized in mitochondria and transported through free diffusion

Question 3

6-12 carbon chain (medium chain) fatty acids are metabolized in ___ and transported through ___

Answer 3

metabolized in mitochondria and transported through diffusion

Question 4

12-20 carbon chain (long chain) fatty acids are metabolized in ___ and transported through ___

Answer 4

metabolized in mitochondria and transported through carnitine cycle

Question 5

20 or more carbon chain (very long chain) fatty acids are metabolized in ___ and transported through ___

Answer 5

metabolized in peroxisomes and transported through unknown methods

Question 6

Beta oxidation of fats in the liver is also known as…

Answer 6

ketogenesis

Question 7

Fatty acids are released from adipose tissue using which enzyme?

Answer 7

Hormone sensitive lipase

Question 8

Lipase is allosterically activated by ___ and ___

Answer 8

glucagon and epinephrine

Question 9

Lipase converts TAGs to…

Answer 9

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 10

Which enzyme converts TAGs to glycerol and fatty acids?

Answer 10

Lipase

Question 11

What is the function of albumin in beta oxidation of fats?

Answer 11

Acts as a transport for 6-8 fatty acids

Question 12

Beta oxidation does not occur at a normal rate without…

Answer 12

normal thyroid level (T3)

Question 13

Which coenzyme is required for bile acid production?

Answer 13

Vitamin C

Question 14

T4 is converted to T3 using…

Answer 14

bile acids in the liver, kidney, and muscles

Question 15

The first step of beta oxidation of fats pathway…
enzyme:
coenzyme:
result:

Answer 15

enzyme: acyl CoA dehydrogenase
coenzyme: FAD
result: double bond next to acetyl CoA

Question 16

The second step of beta oxidation of fats pathway…
enzyme:
coenzyme:
result:

Answer 16

enzyme: enoyl CoA hydratase
coenzyme: H2O
result: OH next to acetyl CoA

Question 17

The third step of beta oxidation of fats pathway…
enzyme:
coenzyme:
result:

Answer 17

enzyme: hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase
coenzyme: NAD+
result: ketone next to acetyl CoA

Question 18

The fourth step of beta oxidation of fats pathway…
enzyme:
coenzyme:
result:

Answer 18

enzyme: thiolase
coenzyme: CoASH (pantothenic acid)
result: fatty acyl CoA (n-2) carbons + acetyl CoA

Question 19

In the overview of reaction of beta oxidation of fats pathway, fatty acyl CoA becomes…

Answer 19

acetyl CoA + FADH2 + NADH + (n-2) fatty acyl CoA

Question 20

fatty acid activation

What is the name and location of the enzyme that converts fatty acid to fatty acyl CoA?

Answer 20

Fatty acyl CoASH synthase aka fatty acid thiokinase is located in the outer mitochondrial membrane

Question 21

fatty acid activation

What is the location and purpose of CPT1?

Answer 21

Needed for fatty acids with 14-20 carbons to activate. Located in the intramembranous space.

Question 22

fatty acid activation

What is the biochemical composition of carnitine?

Answer 22

Trimethyl lysine made from lysine and SAMe (B6) Vitamin C and iron

Question 23

fatty acid activation

How is carnitine recycled and what is the location of the enzyme that carries that out?

Answer 23

Recycled by the enzyme CPT-2. The fatty acyl CoA is in the mitochondrial matrix.

Question 24

What is the coenzyme for acyl CoA dehydrogenase to make a double bond next to acetyl CoA?

Answer 24

FAD

Question 25

What is the coenzyme for enoyl CoA hydratase to put OH next to acetyl CoA?

Answer 25

H2O

Question 26

What is the coenzyme for hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase to put a ketone next to acetyl CoA?

Answer 26

NAD+

Question 27

What is the coenzyme for thiolase to produce fatty acyl CoA (n-2) carbons +acetyl CoA?

Answer 27

CoASH (pantothenic acid)

Question 28

Acyl CoA dehydrogenase, requiring FAD will make...

Answer 28

a double bond next to acetyl CoA

Question 29

Enoyl CoA hydratase, requiring H2O will put...

Answer 29

OH next to acetyl CoA

Question 30

Hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase, requiring NAD+ will put...

Answer 30

a ketone next to acetyl CoA

Question 31

Thiolase, requiring CoASH (pantothenic acid) will produce...

Answer 31

fatty acyl CoA (n-2) carbons + acetyl CoA

Question 32

List the three total products of beta oxidation of fats

Answer 32

1. n/2 acetyl CoA 2. (n/2)-1 FADH2 3. (n/2)-1 NADH + H+

Question 33

How much ATP is made from beta oxidation of palmitic acid (16C)?

Answer 33

131

Question 34

How much ATP is made from beta oxidation of stearic acid (18C)?

Answer 34

148

Question 35

How much ATP is made from beta oxidation of arachidic acid (20C)?

Answer 35

165

Question 36

#ketogenesis Excess acetyl CoA is converted to...

Answer 36

ketone bodies

Question 37

#ketogenesis Name the ketone bodies

Answer 37

acetoacetate (4C), beta hydroxybutyrate (4C), acetone (3C)

Question 38

#ketogenesis Which ketone body is found in the blood/urine?

Answer 38

Acetoacetate

Question 39

#ketogenesis What tissues can use ketone bodies for energy?

Answer 39

Skeletal and heart muscle, and the brain

Question 40

#ketogenesis What Kreb's cycle intermediate is necessary for the metabolism of ketone bodies?

Answer 40

Succinyl CoA and CoA

Question 41

At succinyl CoA, the amino acids, ___, ___, and ___ enter Krebs cycle

Answer 41

methionine, valine, and isoleucine