Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, and Glycogenolysis Flashcards
List the (six) steps in order for glycogenesis
Glucose in blood ->
glucose in liver ->
glucose 6P ->
Glucose 1P ->
UDP-glucose ->
glycogen
What is the allosteric enzyme for glycogenesis? What activates it?
Glycogen synthase is increased by insulin
How does glucose enter the liver?
Glut 2 transporter
How does glucose enter muscle?
Glut 4 transporter
(insulin dependent)
What enzyme converts glucose to glucose 6P in the liver?
Glucokinase
What enzyme converts glucose to glucose 6P in the muscle?
Hexokinase
What enzyme converts glucose 6P to glucose 1P in the liver & muscle?
Mutase
What enzyme converts glucose 1P to UDP-Glucose?
UDP glucopyrophosphorylase
What enzyme converts UDP-glucose to glycogen?
Glycogen synthase
(activated by insulin)
List the (five) steps in order for glycogenolysis
Glycogen ->
Glucose 1P ->
Glucose 6P ->
Glucose in Liver ->
Glucose in Blood
What is the allosteric enzyme for glycogenolysis? What hormone activates it in the liver?
Glycogen phosphorylase activated by glucagon
What enzyme converts glycogen phosphorylase b (inactive) to glycogen phosphorylase a (active)?
Phosphorylase kinase
What mineral increases phosphorylase kinase in muscle?
influx of Calcium ions via nerve impulse
(forms Ca-calmodulin complex)
What hormone turns on phosphorylase kinase in both liver and muscle?
Epinephrine
glycogenesis
Glucose in blood is transported to the liver via ___ which is insulin ___
Glut 2 transporter which is insulin independent
glycogenesis
Glucose in blood is transported to muscle via ___ which is insulin ___
Glut 4 transporter which is insulin dependent
glycogenolysis
Glucose in the liver is transported to the blood via ___
Glut 2 transporter
In glycogenolysis, where will glucose in the muscle go next?
Glucose will enter glycolysis, it cannot enter the blood
What is another name for anaerobic glycolysis?
Embden Meyerhof pathway
What is the equation of the overall glycolysis pathway?
Glucose -> 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H2O
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
What hormone increases the function of the allosteric enzyme for glycolysis?
Insulin
Can pyruvate accumulate?
No
What substance do RBC convert pyruvate into that is able to leave the cell?
Lactate
What is the equation for RBCs preparing pyruvate to leave the cell?
Pyruvate + NADH -> lactate + NAD+
What enzyme is required for pyruvate + NADH -> lactate + NAD+? (RBC)
Lactate dehydrogenase
What do yeast convert pyruvate into?
Ethanol
What is the equation for yeast’s action on pyruvate?
Pyruvate + NADH -> ethanol + NAD+
What enzyme is required for yeast to act on pyruvate?
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Name the three stages of glycolysis
Investment, splitting, harvest
