Nucleic Acids A1.2

Question 1

What is DNA?

Answer 1

a nucleic acid made of deoxyribose that has genetic material of life and used as blueprint for production of building blocks

Question 2

Viruses and nucleic acids

Answer 2

can have DNA or RNA as genetic material

Question 3

What are nucleotides?

Answer 3

monomers to DNA and RNA.

Question 4

What are nucleotides made of?

Answer 4

• pentose sugar
• acidic phosphate group, negatively charged
• one of 4-5 diff nitrogenous bases

Question 5

What are pyrimidines?

Answer 5

nitrogenous bases with one carbon ring.
cytosine, uracil, thymine

Question 6

What are purines?

Answer 6

nitrogenous bases with two carbon rings.
guanine, adenine

Question 7

What is the difference between the molecular structure of DNA and RNAs?

Answer 7

the type of pentose sugar. DNA has deoxyribose and RNA has ribose.

Question 8

What is the difference between deoxyribose and ribose?

Answer 8

missing oxygen on deoxyribose.

Question 9

Explain the antiparallel of DNA strands

Answer 9

2 strands twist around each other in an antiparallel way. 5’ is facing the 3’ of the strand on the other side (opposite)

Question 10

Every turn of base pairs is how many nucleotides?

Answer 10

10

Question 11

What is complementary based pairing?

Answer 11

manner in which nitrogenous bases of the DNA molecule aligns with each other

Question 12

What does complementary based pairing do?

Answer 12

ensures regular arrangement and geometry of the double helix
allows an exact copy to be made in republication

Question 13

What is complementary based pairing dependent on and how is it different between different nitrogenous bases?

Answer 13

dependent on hydrogen bonding between matching pairs.
A-T or A-U has 2 hydrogen bonds
G-C has 3.

Question 14

Type of sugar RNA and DNA

Answer 14

ribose,
deoxyribose

Question 15

Number of strands RNA and DNA

Answer 15

1 strand,
2 strand

Question 16

Type of bases RNA and DNA

Answer 16

A, U, G, C,
A, T, G, C

Question 17

Relative length of strands RNA and DNA

Answer 17

short strand,
long strand

Question 18

Where found? RNA and DNA

Answer 18

cytoplasm, in the form of ribosome,
nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast in eukaryotes, nucleoid and plasmid in prokaryotes

Question 19

Variety of molecules of RNA and DNA

Answer 19

rRNA, tRNA, mRNA,
double or single strand

Question 20

Function of RNA and DNA

Answer 20

similar
both carrying genetic code required to build molecules

Question 21

Components of RNA and DNA

Answer 21

similar
sugar, pentose, nitrogenous base

Question 22

Bonds in RNA and DNA

Answer 22

similar
covalent, hydrogen bonds

Question 23

Type pf molecule of RNA and DNA

Answer 23

similar
nucleic acids

Question 24

How is genetic information stored in DNA?

Answer 24

genetic info stored in base sequence of ONE of two strands of DNA

Question 25

How many different possibilities for a sequence of two bases?

Answer 25

4^2=16
16 different

Question 26

How many different possibilities for a sequence of three bases (codon)?

Answer 26

4^3=64
64

Question 27

What does genetic code tell?

Answer 27

conservation of genetic code across all life forms is evidence for universal common ancestry.

Question 28

What does 5’ and 3’ mean?

Answer 28

On the 5’ -> 3’ side, the pentose connects to the phosphate on the 5th carbon and connects to the next phosphate on the 3rd carbon. On the 3’ to 5’ side, its the other way.