Enzymes C1.1 Flashcards
Enzymes are what?
catalysts
What is rate of reaction?
amount of product produced prr unit time. the speed at which a reaction is taking place.
Substrate
reactant being changed in the reaction
Active site
bonding site on the enzyme is here reaction takes place
Enzyme-substrate complex
structure being formed during the reaction when being bond together. (temporary association)
What is metabolism?
complex network of interdependent and interacting biochemical reactions occurring in living organisms.
The types of metabolic reactions
catabolic and anabolic
What is an anabolic reaction?
building of molecules. energy required. condensation. water released
What is a catabolic reaction?
breaking of molecules. energy released. hydrolysis. water needed
Examples of anabolic reactions
protein synthesis, DNA synthesis during replication, photosynthesis, synthesis of complex carbohydrates
Examples of catabolic reactions
digestion of food, cell respiration (oxidation of glucose/lipids to carbon dioxide and water), decomposition of complex carbon compounds in dead organic matter
What is a globular protein?
spherical in shape and are water soluble.
- composed of few amino acids but interactions between amino acids in the structure ensure that active site has necessary properties for catalysis.
enzymes are globular proteins
What is enzyme-substrate specificity
highly specific and the induced shape change upon binding results in proper alignment of the catalytic groups.
Induced-fit model of the enzyme process
both enzyme and substrate can change shape to fit one another. switches back after
Molecular motion of enzymes and substrates
movement is needed for the substrate and active site to come together and COLLIDE.
How does the molecular motion of enzymes and substrates in a solution affect it?
greater kinetic energy = greater chance of collision.
Immobilized enzymes
unable to move and embedded and immobilized into a membrane. substrate need to do the moving
How is immobilized enzymes used and how does it work?
cell-free preparations industrially for lactose-free milk.
enzymes attached to an insoluble material or membrane with the substrate moving toward it
The formation of enzyme-substrate complex depends on…
molecular motion, correct alignments, and speed of movement.
How does molecular motion affect the formation of E-SC?
molecular motion cause random collisions between enzymes and substrates. (due to aqueous solution allowing them to move freely)
How does correct alignment and angle affect the formation of E-SC?
the correct alignment and angle between the enzyme and the substrate affect the SUCESS of the collision.
How does speed of movement affect the formation of E-SC?
depending on their molecular size… substrates are usually smaller than enzymes and move faster than them
How can enzyme activity be affected?
temperature and pH
How does temperature affect enzyme activity?
high temperature causes denaturation of the enzyme (protein).
