Cell Respiration C1.2 Flashcards
What does cellular respiration do?
produces the energy required by organisms to live in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) by breaking down nutrients and food using enzymes into CO2, H2O, and ATP.
What are organic compounds?
molecules which contain carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds such as glucose or fatty acids.
What are organic compounds in cellular respiration?
the initial source of energy and through a number of metabolic steps the molecules are oxidized and potential energy stored is transferred to ATP.
How is ATP created from ADP?
by attaching a phosphate group to ADP, requiring energy coming from food.
What is energy transfer in cellular respiration?
in small quantities rather than one big release.
Why is energy transfer in cellular respiration only in small quantities?
if all given out, most energy will be lost as heat to the surrounding. so, energy is transferred to ATP in many small steps.
What are properties of ATP that make it suitable as energy source?
- contains chemical energy locked up in its structure
- energy can be released in small manageable quantities by hydrolyzing ATP into ADP
- very reactive molecule
- small and can be moved easily into cells by facilitated diffusion
- cannot simply move through membranes and therefore is under control
How are phosphorylated intermediated formed?
from ATP reacting with other metabolites
What does phosphorylation mean?
more active process they need to take part in
What do muscle contractions cause muscles to do?
to shorten in length due to actin and myosin protein filaments sliding in and out.
What does the sliding of protein filaments in muscles depend on?
hydrolysis of ATP and energy released used for the “power stroke”
What are the uses of ATP?
- electrical energy when transmitting a nerve impulse
- kinetic energy when muscles contract
- light energy in bioluminescence
- other forms of chemical energy during synthesis of molecules/transporting materials
What are the three main types of uses for ATP?
- synthesizing macromolecules
- movement
- active transport
What are examples of synthesizing macromolecules using ATP?
- production of proteins at ribosomes during translation
- DNA replication
- synthesis of starch from glucose in plants
- transcription
What are examples of movement using ATP?
- muscle contractions
- movement of flagella or cilia
- centrioles and spindle fibers during meiosis and mitosis
