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Bio 2 (Let's go Chagnon) > Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

Nucleic Acids Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Large molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous

A

Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)

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2
Q

What’s the central dogma?

A

DNA &raquo_space; RNA &raquo_space; proteins

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3
Q

It is found in nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts

A

DNA

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4
Q

It stores genetic information

A

DNA

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5
Q

It is found in nucleus and cytoplasm

A

RNA

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6
Q

processes DNA
transcription = DNA to RNA
translation = RNA to protein

A

RNA

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7
Q

Sugar—deoxyribose

A

DNA

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8
Q

It has four bases – adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

A

DNA

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9
Q

It has a double stranded molecule forms a HELIX

A

DNA

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10
Q

Sugar—ribose

A

RNA

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11
Q

It has four bases – adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine

A

RNA

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12
Q

Single stranded

A

RNA

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13
Q

Nucleic acid’s monomer?

A

Nucleotide

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14
Q

What is made up of:

  1. Ribose sugar
  2. Nitrogenous bases
    • purines: adenine (A) and guanine (G)
    • pyrimidines: thymine (T) in DNA only, cytosine (C), uracil (U) in RNA only
  3. Phosphate group
A

Nucleotide

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15
Q

If the second carbon of the ribose sugar is attached with OH, what is the type of nucleic acid?

A

RNA

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16
Q

If the second carbon of the ribose sugar is attached with H, what is the type of nucleic acid?

A

DNA

17
Q

What links nucleotides in a chain ?

A

Phosphodiester bond

18
Q

Ribose and phosphate form its backbone.

A

DNA

19
Q

What is antiparallel nature?

A

It means one strand is oriented 5’ to 3’, the other 3’ to 5’

20
Q

The double helix consists of:

3

A
  • 2 anti-parallel sugar-phosphate backbones
  • nitrogenous bases toward the interior of the molecule
  • bases on opposing strands form hydrogen bonds with complementary bases (A with T; G with C)
21
Q

What is carried in the sequence of nucleotides?

A

Genetic information

22
Q

What are the 3 types of RNA?

A

mRNA
rRNA
tRNA

23
Q

What is mRNA?

A

(messenger RNA): it transcribes DNA into RNA

24
Q

What is rRNA?

A

(ribosomal RNA): the site for linking amino acids to form a polypeptide.

25
Q

What is tRNA?

A

(transfer RNA): brings amino acids to rRNA and adds it to mRNA

26
Q

An energy-rich molecule used to drive reactions in a cell

A

ATP

27
Q

It is the adenine nucleotide with 3 phosphate groups

A

ATP

28
Q

ATP stands for..

A

Adenosine triphosphate

Bio 2 (Let's go Chagnon) (13 decks)

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