Energy and Metabolism

Question 1

What is the 1st law of thermodynamics?

Answer 1

Energy is transformed, not created or destroyed.

Question 2

Energy is converted into what?

Answer 2

Metabolism

Question 3

What is oxidation?

Answer 3

Loss of electrons

Question 4

What is reduction?

Answer 4

Gain of electrons

Question 5

How can we move energy?

Answer 5

By redox reactions

Question 6

A+B—-> A(+) + B(-)

Answer 6

A is being oxidized (loses e-)

A is being reduced (accepts e-)

Question 7

A reaction requiring an input of energy

Answer 7

Endergonic (+delta G)

Question 8

A reaction that releases free energy

Answer 8

Exergonic (-delta G)

Question 9

A minimum amount of energy is required to initiate a reaction.

Answer 9

Activation energy (Ea)

Question 10

What occurs at Ea?

Answer 10

Destabilization of existing chemical bonds

Question 11

What is required even for spontaneeous (exergonic) reaction?

Answer 11

Ea

Question 12

What are metabolic pathways?

Answer 12

Series of chemical reactions occurring in sequence within a cell

Question 13

What can the pathways look like?

Answer 13

Linear
Forked
Cyclical

Question 14

Give 2 advantages of Metabolic pathways.

Answer 14

Small steps more manageable requires less energy)

Use one resource for several pathways (conserve matter and energy)

Question 15

What does an anabolic chemical reaction require to initiate progress in a reaction?

Answer 15

Input of cellular energy (ATP)

Question 16

What retains energy in the bonds between phosphates?

Answer 16

ATP

Question 17

When the bond between P-P is broken, energy is released. The product is then _____

Answer 17

ADP (adenosine diphosphate) + Pi (inorganic phosphate)

Question 18

The terminal phosphate group leaves ATP and bonds to a substrate energizing it thus causing a shape change.

Answer 18

Phosphorylation

Question 19

The substrate accepting the phosphate is said to be______

Answer 19

phosphorylated

Question 20

When the phosphate group leaves the substrate, the shape changes again, and in so doing, work is done.

Answer 20

Dephosphorylation

Question 21

It demonstrates the effect of the shape change.

Answer 21

The motor protein of myosin in muscle cells

Question 22

How does ATP do work?

Answer 22

By causing molecules to undergo a shape change

Question 23

ATP is made in the presence of what?

Answer 23

ADP and a phosphorylated substrate

Question 24

ATP is made during what?

Answer 24

rearrangement of a substrate

Question 25

Making ATP steps

Answer 25

• Substrate level phosphorylation

- Chemiosmosis

Question 26

Biochemical reaction often occur in ___.

Answer 26

harmony

Question 27

A reaction that releases energy (catabolic - usually exothermic) will be

Answer 27

“coupled” or associated with a reaction that requires energy (anabolic – usually endothermic)

Question 28

Energy released from an catabolic (or exothermic) reaction can drive what?

Answer 28

ATP formation too

Question 29

The ATP generated by energy coupling is used to drive what?

Answer 29

Anabolic reaction

Question 30

Can ATP store energy?

Answer 30

NOOOOOOO, too unstable