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Bio 2 (Let's go Chagnon) > Membranes > Flashcards

Membranes Flashcards

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1
Q

Semi-permeable layer that separates the cell from the external environment

A

Plasma membrane

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2
Q

Controls the passage of material into and out of the cell (gate keeper but does not protect)

A

Plasma membrane

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3
Q

Name the 5 components of cellular membranes.

A
  1. phospholipid bilayer
  2. cholesterol
  3. integral and peripheral proteins
  4. glycoproteins
  5. glycolipids
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4
Q

They form bi-layer framework

A

Phospholipids

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5
Q

It stabilizes phospholipid fluidity

A

Cholesterol

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6
Q

Bio-molecules found in membranes

A
  • Lipid
  • Protein
  • Glyco-molecules (carbs)
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7
Q

What is glycolipid?

A

A complex of oligosaccharide bound to lipid used in tissue recognition

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8
Q

What is glycoprotein?

A

A complex of oligosaccharide bound to protein used in cell (“self”) recognition

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9
Q

Describes the membrane organization

A

Fluid mosaic model

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10
Q

Has AMPHIPATHIC properties (molecule is both polar and non-polar) which will influence what can cross the membrane

A

Phospholipid

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11
Q

Lipid bilayer

A

Plasma membrane

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12
Q

It has different effects on membrane fluidity at different temperatures

A

Cholesterol

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13
Q

At warm temperatures, it restrains movement of phospholipids

A

Cholesterol

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14
Q

At cool temperatures, it maintains fluidity by preventing tight packing

A

Cholesterol

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15
Q

Proteins that are embedded within the membrane

A

Integral Proteins

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16
Q

Proteins that are temporarily bound to surface of bilayer

A

Peripheral Proteins

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17
Q

Membrane protein functions (6)

A
  1. transporters: control movement of material
  2. enzymes: catalyze
  3. cell surface receptors: bind signal molecules
  4. cell surface identity markers: ID a cell type
  5. cell-to-cell adhesion proteins: bind cells
  6. attachments to the cytoskeleton: structure and guide
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18
Q

Active transport

A

Carrier, protein changes shape to move molecules, ATP needed (requires cellular energy)

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19
Q

Passive transport

A

Channel, selected ions (NA+) channels in heart, moves by diffusion (from high concentrartion to low), no energy needed

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20
Q

Special channel protein passively transports water

A

Aquaporin, osmosis

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21
Q

Determine shape of the cell

A

Spectrins

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22
Q

Anchor certain proteins to specific sites, especially on the exteriror plasma membrane in receptor-mediated endocytosis

A

Clathrins

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23
Q

Self recognition

A

Glycoproteins

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24
Q

Tissue recognition

A

Glycolipid

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25
Q

Bulk transport

A

Complex active mechanism

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26
Q

It is a response to a concentration gradient

A

Movement

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27
Q

Due to motion of bilayer: phospholipids slide along each other.

A

Fluid

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28
Q

Associated mix of molecules: globular proteins (cholesterol and glycolipids & glycoproteins).

A

Mosaic

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29
Q

Name transport proteins (3)

A

Carriers
Channels
Receptors

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30
Q

What is passive transport?

A

Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane

31
Q

Is energy required for passive transport?

A

No

32
Q

No energy required for this type of transportation protein.

A

Passive transport

33
Q

Molecules move in response to a concentration gradient (igh to low) in this type of transport protein.

A

Passive transport

34
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration.

35
Q

Permeability of the plasma membrane.

A
  • Small, nonpolar molecules readily pass directly through the plasma membrane
  • Hydrophobic interior of the plasma membrane obstruct passage of charged or polar molecules
36
Q

What is a selectively permeable membrane?

A

Membrane proteins choose which molecules can pass through the plasma membrane

37
Q

What do channel proteins permit to pass through the membrane?

A

Only specific solutes (water, hydrophilic solutes some ions).

38
Q

How do carrier proteins do to carry a molecule to the other side of the plasma membrane?

A

Change their shape, binding a specific molecule to move it across the pm (i.e. glucose)

39
Q

Facilitated diffusion is a type of _______ transport.

A

Passive

40
Q
  • requires no energy (is passive)
  • is specific
  • saturates when all carriers are occupied
A

Channel or carrier protein (passive)

41
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Movement of water across selectively permeable PM from an area of high to low concentration of water.

42
Q

When osmosis, through what does water move?

A

Aquaporins channels

43
Q

Hypotonic

A

Low solute concentration, so high water concentration

44
Q

Hypertonic

A

High solute concentration, so low water concentration

45
Q

Does water move towards hyper or hypo tonic?

A

Hypertonic

46
Q

What does isotonic mean?

A

Solutes concentrations are equal on both sides

47
Q

Water ejected from cell through vacuoles

A

Extrusion

48
Q

Keeping cells isotonic with their environment, salts balanced

A

Isosmotic regulation

49
Q

What do cells use to push the cell membrane against the cell wall and keep the cell rigid (blocking entry of too much water)

A

Turgor pressure

50
Q

The contractile vacuoles in paramecium, euglena and amoeba, pump excell water out

A

Extrusion

51
Q

Rate of diffusion can be affected by____

A

Temperature, concentration

52
Q

What does carrier protein do?

A

Shape change

53
Q

What does channel protein do?

A

No shape change

54
Q

What does active transport need asbolutely?

A

ATP

55
Q

Does active transport require energy?

A

YES

56
Q

Require the use of carrier proteins.

A

Active transport

57
Q

Can saturate

A

Active transport

58
Q

Can move a single type of molecule

A

Uniporters

59
Q

Can move two different molecules in the same direction

A

Symporters

60
Q

Can move two different molecules in opposite directions.

A

Antiporters

61
Q

ATP energy is used to do what?

A

Change the shape of the carrier protein

62
Q

How does the sodium potassium pump work?

A

1- Sodium gets inside the protein carrier from the inside
2-ATP phosphorylates (shape changes)
3-Sodium leaves outside the cell
4-Potassium from outside gets inside the carrier
5-Phosphate group leaves the carrier (dephosphorylates, shape changes)
6-Potassium leaves the carrier to get into the cell

63
Q

A coupled transport: energy released by a molecule moving by simple diffusion is used to supply energy to actively transport a different molecule, which is moving through the membrane against a concentration gradient.

A

Cotransport

64
Q

Example of cotransport

A

Glucose moves across the membrane against a concentration gradient

65
Q

Movement of bulk substances into the cell

A

Endocytosis

66
Q

Movement of bulk materials out of the cell

A

Exocytosis

67
Q

When does endocytosis occur?

A

When the plasma membrane envelops food particles and/or liquids to ring then into the cell

68
Q

The cell takes in particulate matter

A

Phagocytosis

69
Q

The cell takes in only fluid

A

Pinocytosis

70
Q

Specific molecules are taken in after thet bind to a receptor

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

71
Q

When does exocytosis occur?

A

It occurs when material is discharged from the cell (such as waste).

72
Q

During exocytosis, what fuses with the cell membrane and release their contents to the exterior of the cell?

A

Vesicles

73
Q

What is used in plants to export cell wall material?

A

Bulk transport

74
Q

What is used in animals to secrete hormones, neurotransmitters, digestive enzymes?

A

Bulk transport

Bio 2 (Let's go Chagnon) (13 decks)

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