DNA is heritable material

Question 1

In 1928, he was credited with recognizing TRANSFORMATION in bacteria.

Answer 1

Frederick Griffith

Question 2

In what year did Griffith discover the pneumoniae shit?

Answer 2

1928

Question 3

Disease-causing (pathogenic) baterium causing pneumonia

Answer 3

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 4

The _____ is a virulence factor.

Answer 4

Capsule

Question 5

What are the 2 strains of streptococcus?

Answer 5

1. Pathogenic (capsule; virulent) S-strain

2. Non-pathogenic (capsule-free; non-virulent) R-strain

Question 6

What is pathogenic strain?

Answer 6

S-strain

Question 7

What is non-pathogenic strain?

Answer 7

R-strain

Question 8

Griffith’s conclusion?

Answer 8

Transformation adds new pieces of genes to live bacterial cells

Question 9

The transfer of information is called ___.

Answer 9

Transformation

Question 10

Transforming bacteria nowadays is to insert foreign DNA into bacteria to allow microbe to produce molecule like ______ & ______.

Answer 10

Human growth hormone

Human insulin

Question 11

Two macromolecules became candidates for genetic material when it was shoed that genes were located on chromosomes. What are they?

Answer 11

DNA (4 different monomers)

Protein (20 different monomers)

Question 12

When did Avery, MacLeod, & McCarty repeat Griffith’ experiment?

Answer 12

1944

Question 13

In 1944, Griffith’s experiemtn was repeated by whom?

Answer 13

Avery, MacLeod, & McCarty

Question 14

What did Avery, MacLeod, & McCarty discover?

Answer 14

degradation of protein did not destroy its ability to transform Rstrain cells but degraded DNA destruyed all transforming ability

Question 15

What is Avery, MacLeod, & McCarty’s conclusion?

Answer 15

The molecule that carries the heritable information is DNA.

Question 16

In what year did Hershey and Chase did their discovery?

Answer 16

1952

Question 17

What did Hershey and Chase discover?

Answer 17

performed experiments showing that DNA is the genetic material of a phage known as T2 with blender experiment

Question 18

Viruses that infect bacteria.

Answer 18

Bacteriophage

Question 19

What composes bacteriophage?

Answer 19

DNA packed inside head and protein making up the outer coat

Question 20

How to distinguish DNA from protein?

Answer 20

Protein: some amino acids contain sulfur,but NEVER phosphorous

DNA: have phosphorous , but NEVER sulfur

Question 21

Only the bacteriophage ____ entered the bacteria

Answer 21

DNA

Question 22

What is Hershey and Chase’s conclusion?

Answer 22

DNA is the genetic material since radioactive DNA ended up in viral offsrping