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Biochem 1 Final > Nucleic Acid Chemistry > Flashcards

Nucleic Acid Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are nucleic acids composed of?

A

Nitrogenous bases

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2
Q

What is the composition of Purines?

A

2 rings; adenine + guanine

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3
Q

What is the composition of Pyrimidines?

A

1 ring; thymine, cytosine, uracil

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4
Q

What is the composition of Nucleosides?

A

Nitrogenous base + sugar (ribose or deoxyribose)

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5
Q

What is the composition of Nucleotides?

A

Nucleoside + phosphate (1,2, or 3 Ps)

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6
Q

Name the nucleoside + nucleotides of the purine adenine

A

Adenosine
AMP, ADP, ATP, cAMP

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7
Q

Name the purine nitrogenous bases

A

Adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine

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8
Q

Name the nucleoside + nucleotides of the nitrogenous base guanine

A

Guanosine
GMP, GDP, GTP, cGMP

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9
Q

Name the nucleoside + nucleotides of the nitrogenous base hypoxanthine

A

Inosine
IMP

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10
Q

Name the pyrimidine nitrogenous bases

A

Uracil, cytosine, thymine

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11
Q

Name the nucleoside + nucleotides of the nitrogenous base uracil

A

Uridine
UMP, UDP, UTP

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12
Q

Name the nucleoside + nucleotides of the nitrogenous base cytosine

A

Cytidine
CMP, CDP, CTP

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13
Q

Name the nucleoside + nucleotides of the nitrogenous base thymine

A

Thymidine
TMP, TDP, TTP

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14
Q

What is DNA’s backbone?

A

Sugar-phosphate w/ phosphoester bond (sometimes called phosphodiester)

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15
Q

What is DNA’s configuration?

A

Antiparallel dimer

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16
Q

What is DNA’s sugar

A

Deoxyribose

17
Q

What are the base pairs of DNA? How many bonds do each pair have?

A

A=T, 2 bonds
G≠C, 3 bonds

18
Q

Define Chromatin

A

DNA around a core of histone proteins

19
Q

What is the basic unit of chromatin?

A

Nucleosome, DNA wrapped 2x around core of histone proteins

20
Q

Define histone proteins:
What do they contain?
What forms a bead?
What is the linker histone?

A

Large amounts arginine + lysine
2 copies ea. H2A, H2B, H3, H4
H1

21
Q

Define the Human Genome

A

46 total chrms
22 autosomal pairs
1 sex pair

22
Q

What is the configuration of RNA?

A

Single stranded

23
Q

What is the RNA sugar?

A

Ribose

24
Q

What are the RNA base pairs? How many bonds do they have?

A

A=U (2 hydrogen bonds)
G≠C (3 hydrogen bonds)

Biochem 1 Final (22 decks)

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