Enzyme Classes Flashcards
Name the 7 Enzyme classes
Oxido-reductases, Transferases, Hydrolases, Lyases, Isomerases, Ligases, Ribozymes
Name the Oxido-reductases (last names)
Dehydrogenase, Reductase, (Decarboxylase)
What does Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) do in the Liver? What co-enzyme is needed?
Lactate —> Pyruvate
NAD+ —> NADH + H
What does Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) do in Muscle + RBCs? What co-enzyme is needed?
Pyruvate —> Lactate
NADH + H —> NAD+
Where is Succinate dehydrogenase located? What does it take place in here?
Mitochondria, Kreb’s cycle
What does Succinate dehydrogenase do? What co-enzyme is needed?
Succinate —> Fumarate
FAD —> FADH2
Where is pyruvate dehydrogenase located?
Mitochondria
What does pyruvate dehydrogenase do? What co-enzyme is needed for the decarboxylase step? What 2 co-enzymes are needed for the dehydrogenase step?
Pyruvate —> Acetyl CoA
TPP
NAD —> NADH + H
CoASH
Where is retinaldehyde reductase located?
Liver
What does Retinaldehyde Reductase do? What co-enzyme is needed
Retinal —> Retinol
NADPH + H —> NADP
Where is LDH located?
Liver, Muscle + RBCs
Name the Transferases (last names)
Transaminases, Kinase
Where is the enzyme SGPT (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase) located? What is it AKA?
ALT (alanine transaminase)
Muscle, Liver
What does ALT do in the muscle? What co-enzyme is needed?
Pyruvate + glutamate —> alanine + alpha-ketoglutarate
Pyridoxal 5 phosphate
What does ALT do in the Liver? What co-enzyme is needed?
Alanine + alpha-ketoglutarate —> Pyruvate + Glutamate
Pyridoxal 5 phosphate
Where is Creatine Kinase located?
Muscle
What does Creatine Kinase do? What co-enzyme is needed?
Creatine <—> Creatine P
ATP —> ADP
Name the Hydrolases (last names)
Glucose-6-Phosphatase, Digestive enzymes
Where is the enzyme Glucose-6-Phosphatase located?
Liver
What does Glucose-6-Phosphatase do? What co-enzyme is needed?
Glucose6P —> Glucose
H2O
Name the Lyases (last names)
Anhydrase, Hydroxylases
Where is the enzyme Carbonic Anhydrase located?
RBC in tissues + lungs
What does Carbonic Anhydrase do in RBC in tissues? What co-factor is needed?
CO2 + H20 —> H2CO3
Zinc
What does Carbonic Anhydrase do in RBC in lungs? What co-factor is needed?
H2CO3 —> CO2 + H20
Zinc
Where is the enzyme Prolyl Hydroxylase located?
Collagen (synthesis)
What does Prolyl Hydroxylase do?
Proline + OH —> Hydroxy-proline
What co-enzyme do all Hydroxylases need? What is required for this?
Reduced form Vit C needs bioflavonoids
Where is Dopamine hydroxylase located?
Sympathetic chain ganglia; adrenal medulla
Where is Lysyl hydroxylase located?
Collagen (synthesis)
What does Lysyl hydroxylase do?
Lysine + OH —> Hydroxylysine
What does Dopamine Hydroxylase do?
Dopamine —> Norepinephrine
Where are Ribozymes located? What are they not? What rxn do they do?
Nucleus, NOT PROTEINS, exon splicing
What enzymes are isomerases? Where are isomerases located? What rxn do they do?
G3P <-> DHAP; Glucose <-> Fructose
RBCs + Liver
Ketose <-> Aldose
What enzymes are ligases? Where are they located?
Pyruvate carboxylase
Mitochondria + liver
What rxn does pyruvate carboxylase do? What co-enzyme + additional thing does this require?
Pyruvate + CO2 –> oxaloacetate
carboxybiotin + ATP
