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Biochem 1 Final > Neurotransmitters + Their Precursors > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters + Their Precursors Flashcards

1
Q

What is NutraSweet

A

D/L Phenylalanine + aspartate = (AKA) Aspartame

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2
Q

Phe —> ____
What enzyme?

A

Tyr
Phenylalanine hydroxylase

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3
Q

What does Aspartame (NutraSweet) interfer w/?

A

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

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4
Q

How does Tyrosine function as catecholamines?

A

Tyr -> Ldopa -> dopamine -> norepinephrine -> epinephrine

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5
Q

How does Tyr function as Melanin? What enzyme?

A

Tyr —> Melanin
via tyrosinase enzyme

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6
Q

Melanin is missing in _____
What do they have?

A

Albanism (have melanocytes)

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7
Q

How does Tyr function as Thyroid Hormones? Where are they found and which is active?

A

T3 - Liver, active
T4 - Thyroid, inactive

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8
Q

What is the structure of T4

A

2Tyr + 4I

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9
Q

What is the structure of T3

A

2Tyr + 3I
^size & # of mitochondria

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10
Q

What are the functions of Tryptophan

A

Serotonin, melatonin, niacin (B3)

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11
Q

How does Tryptophan function as Serotonin. What do high and low levels of serotonin result in?

A

Trp -> 5OHTrp -> 5HTP (5 hydroxytryptamine)
^levels = panic + diarrhea
Low levels = worry + constipation

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12
Q

How does Tryptophan function as Melatonin?

A

Low light in pineal gland = melatonin

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13
Q

How does Histidine function? What enzyme?

A

Histidine —> Histamine
Decarboxylase enzyme

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14
Q

What is the function of Histamine receptors

A

H1 receptors in capillary - vasodilator; and in hypothalamus - release ant. Pituitary hormones
H2 receptors on parietal cells in stomach - ^acid production

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15
Q

What is the most important excitatory NT in the CNS? What is the gate keeper?

A

Glutamate
Magnesium

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16
Q

Glu —> GABA (what enzyme). What is GABA’s function?

A

Decarboxylase (B1, B6)
Helps focus

17
Q

Function of Glutamate on SGPT(liver)

A

Glutathione

18
Q

Function of Serine. What does it need?

A

Serine —> Choline
Needs B6, B9 (folic acid), B12

19
Q

Serine —> Choline —> ___ —> ___

A

Choline —> Acetyl CoA —> Acetyl Choline

20
Q

What is the function of Arginine?

A

Arg -> Citrulline (makes NO)

21
Q

What does Citrulline make? What is the result of this?

A

Nitric oxide = Vasodilation

Biochem 1 Final (22 decks)

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