NTCA - Rodents Flashcards
1
Q
Premed anaesthesia
A
- Butorphanol, SC/IM/IP
- Buprenorphine, SC/IM/IP
- Midazolam + Ketamine combo
2
Q
Induction
A
- Ketamine, IM/IP
- Isoflurane (chamber)
3
Q
Maintenance anaesthesia
A
Isoflurane
4
Q
Analgesia
A
- Meloxicam, SC/PO
- Buprenorphine, SC
5
Q
Neutering - guinea pig
A
- Flank ovariectomy - ventral recum tolerated well, quick, wounds on non-dependent surface
- Routine spay unusual - to manage cystic ovarian disease, contraceptive problems
6
Q
Cystic ovaries (guinea pig)
A
- Hormonal implants (medical Tx) - pot causative factor for leiomyoma in already high risk case
- Percutaneous drainage - risk of iatrogenic peritonitis, doesn’t address causative factors, high recurrence
- Ovariectomy - easier in cystic cases, hysterectomy necessary if endometrial changes - large cysts may require drainage first
7
Q
Ovariectomy (guinea pig)
A
- Bilateral dorsal flank incisions - caudal to last rib + ventral to transverse processes
- Traction to exteriorise mobile ovary, large cysts may require drainage first
- Ligate ovarian pedicle cranially + uterine horn caudally
- Use haemoclips/hand ligatures
- Ovary removed by sharp excision + repeat for other side w/ second incision
- Close muscle w/ cruciates (absorbable suture - vicryl)
- Close subcuticular fat w/ crucites (monocryl)
- Close skin w/ intradermals (monocryl) or w/ glue
8
Q
Absorbable suture muscle closure (guinea pig)
A
- Monocryl (poliglecaprone) - absorbable monfilament
(Vicryl (polyglactin) occasional reactions seen in guinea pigs) - Cruciates
9
Q
Subcuticular fat suture closure (guinea pig)
A
- Monocryl
10
Q
Skin suture closure (guinea pig)
A
- Monocryl
- Glue
11
Q
Castration (guinea pig)
A
- Abdo preferred - single incision in front of penis
(Avoid scrotum to minimise post-op infection) - Incise skin (single incision 1 - 1.5 cm between umbilicus + penis), fat + linea alba separately
- Midline bladder can be deflected to access inguinal region
- Pressure applied to scrotum + fat pad can be visualised moving into abdomen
- Gasp fat pad + exteriorise + attached testis
- Break down gubernaculum + ligate spermatic cord
- Repeat for other testis
- Close linea alba, fat + skin separately w/ intradermals - monocryl
12
Q
Spay (rat)
A
- Flank/midline spay - routine to dec risk of mammary masses
13
Q
Castration (rat)
A
- Single scrotal tip incision
- Ligate spermatic cord
- Glue skin
14
Q
Spay (mice, hamsters, gerbils)
A
- Midline abdominal spay - haemoclips helpful, exteriorisation of ovary for ligation tricky
- Ovarian cysts + neoplasia common in gerbils (same approach to Sx, can be drained to aid exteriorising ovaries)
15
Q
Castration (mice, hamsters, gerbils)
A
- Lateral incisions to scrotum
- Ligate spermatic cord
- Close tunic
- Glue skin
16
Q
Urolithasis - cystotomy
A
- Clip + prepare from 1 inch cranial to umbilicus to perineum
- Incise skin + linea alba from 1 cm caudal to umbilicus, extending caudally approx 1 cm
- Reflect fat to visualise bladder + exteriorise it
- Place swab cranially to maintain position of bladder + absorb any abdo fluid/urine
- Incise bladder on craniodorsal aspect
- Haemorrhage common + easily controlled w/ gentle pressure
- Urolith identifiable w/ atraumatic forceps
- Continuous inverting layer of absorbable monofilament (monocryl) in bladder wall, Lembert pattern, avoiding inner mucosa (partial thickness)
- Pos double inverted layer in guinea pigs - reduces lumen size
- Check for bladder leakage
- Simple continuous appositional sutures in muscle layer + bury knot
- Cruciates in fat
- Intradermal sutures to close skin
- Manage via restricting Ca oxalate in diet
17
Q
- Scent gland excision (gerbil)
A
- Neoplasia common in entire males
- Excision where masses develop - wide clip, elliptical incision around entire mass + scent gland
- Vessels ligated + elliptical skin incision closed w/ intradermals
- Local splash block advised for analgesia
18
Q
Mammary gland neoplasia (rat)
A
- Cabergoline (1 mL/kg once daily) - slows net growth
- Prophylactic spay in young animals
- Surgical excision if affecting normal activity
19
Q
Zymbal’s gland adenocarcinoma (rat)
A
- Debulking (removing) - may improve comfort by removing ulcerating + confirm Dx
- Palliation - Sx not curative, analgesia, potential steroids
20
Q
Tail amputation (degu)
A
- Inappropriate handling -> degloving injury to tail (necrosis, lack of soft tissue)
- Make staggered incision to create ventral flap of skin
- Amputate bone where vertebrae vital
- Close skin - may require external sutures
21
Q
Sx position (herbivores)
A
- Put in reverse Trendelenburg position
- Raise posture
- Diaphragmatic contents aided
