Farm and Production Animal Pathology Flashcards
1
Q
Inhalation anaesthesia considerations (pig)
A
Difficult to intubate
- Laryngeal spasm
- Can’t open mouth wide
- Tracheal small compared to body size
- Long soft palate
- Laryngeal anatomy - S-shaped, trachea exits at upward angle
- Tracheal bronchus + short neck
2
Q
General surgical considerations (camelid)
A
- Regurg - keep head/neck up
- Neck injuries
- Susceptible to clostridial - tetanus - anti-toxin given to prevent open-wound infections
- Analgesia
- Not FPAs
- AB
- Hypothermia - field conditioning
- Bloat
- Vascular access
- Intubation difficult
- BW
- Anaesthesia
3
Q
Camelid autonomic nervous system response to surgical stimulation
A
- Parasympathetic: dec HR, dec BP
(Other species, affects sympathetic NS: inc HR, inc BP) - Opposite response to Sx stimulation
4
Q
Castration (alpaca)
A
- 18 - 24 m - too early -> delays long bone growth plate closure, patella luxation (llama)
- Pets - stop aggression
5
Q
Castration complications (alpaca)
A
- Low complication rate
- Haematoma
- H+
- Infection
- Protruding fat - cut out, will prevent healing of skin, will end up w/ infection
- Tetanus
- Fly infestation
6
Q
Tooth root abscess (alpaca)
A
- CS - swelling along mandible, salivation, weight loss, pain on palp, ocular discharge
- DDx = lumpy jaw
- Mostly cheek teeth affected
- Food particles penetrating into periodontal ligament
- Associated w/ eruption of permanent molars
- Usually medically managed
- Uncontrollable - bone proliferation -> euth
7
Q
Tooth root abscess complications (alpaca)
A
- Re-infection chronic
- Drainage tracts
- Osteomyelitis
8
Q
Uterine torsion (camelid)
A
- Late preg dams
- Pyrexia
- Tachycardia
- Vaginal discharge
- Some show no signs
- DDx = GI colic
9
Q
Uterine prolapse complications (camelid)
A
- Infection
- H+
- Rupture of uterus
- Re-prolapse
- CVS shock
10
Q
Angular limb deformities (camelid)
A
- Vit D deficiency + poor husbandry during rapid phase of growth
- Cria born in autumn/winter more at risk
- Congenital/injury-assisted birth/premature cria -> altered weight loading
11
Q
Angular limb deformities complications (camelid)
A
- Infection
- Fractures
- Recurrence
- Non-healing
- Unsuccessful correction
12
Q
Sx considerations (pig)
A
- Thermoregulation - not as much hair
- High proportion body fat = drugs take longer to distribute in fat, correct site + depth of admin
- Malignant hypothermia - occurs w/ halothane
- Analgesia
- Variable response to sedation
- Anaesthesia - if injectable, risk of apnoea (no airway access)
- Local anaesthetic
- Intubation difficult
- Body weight
- Vascular access
- Restraint + handling
13
Q
Castration (piglet)
A
- < 2 w age - less stress = easier for practitioner + handling, less Sx risks, dec size
- Analgesia not needed for < 7 d, but should for pain - meloxicam 1 m>/50 kg
- Local + manual restraint up to 12 w (sed based on size)
- Separate sow before handling
- > 7 d = vet procedure w/ anaesthesia
14
Q
Castration (pet pig)
A
- Unwanted matings, aggression, smell
- Older animals - purchased after weaning
- Pot bellied pigs (Kune Kune) = higher risk of inguinal hernia post-op
15
Q
Castration complications (pig)
A
- H+
- Infection - higher risk in older animals, longer Sx, tissue handling
- Anaesthesia risks - GA/sedation required in adults
- Difficult to get accurate dosages for young piglets
- Herniation - spontaneously get inguinal - closed castration or not?
- Cannibalisation - tail biting
- Vet safety
16
Q
Hernia (pig)
A
- Most common genetic defect
- Inguinal or umbilical (1%) - both more common in males
- Unlikely to fix commercial - may go to slaughter w/o issues
- Dx - US - rectally - any gut content, inguinal or umbilical
20
Q
Uterine prolapse (pig)
A
- Immediately or within several days after parturition
- Uterus hasn’t involuted, low Ca
- Poor Px - vulva v small, hard to replace -> salvage procedure (uterine amputation)
- One/two horns affected
- Complicated replacement due to length of horns
- Varied presentation - shock/unaffected
21
Q
Rectal prolapse (pig)
A
- Risk factors - D+, short tail, excessive huddling + piling, excessive mating/riding, parturition, coughing
- CS - tenesmus (straining), everted mucosa through anus, tissue quickly becomes oedematous, damaged + devitalised
